Soda Kuniyasu
Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama 330-8503, Japan.
Saitama Ken-o Hospital, Saitama 363-0008, Japan.
Biomedicines. 2023 Oct 18;11(10):2827. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11102827.
The relationship between polyamines and healthy longevity has received much attention in recent years. However, conducting research without understanding the properties of polyamines can lead to unexpected pitfalls. The most fundamental consideration in conducting polyamine studies is that bovine serum used for cell culture contains bovine serum amine oxidase. Bovine serum amine oxidase, which is not inactivated by heat treatment, breaks down spermine and spermidine to produce the highly toxic aldehyde acrolein, which causes cell damage and activates autophagy. However, no such enzyme activity has been found in humans. Polyamine catabolism does not produce toxic aldehydes under normal conditions, but inflammation and some pathogens provoke an inducible enzyme, spermine oxidase, which only breaks down spermine to produce acrolein, resulting in cytotoxicity and the activation of autophagy. Therefore, spermine oxidase activation reduces spermine concentration and the ratio of spermine to spermidine, a feature recently reported in patients with age-related diseases. Spermine, which is increased by a long-term, continuous high polyamine diet, suppresses aberrant gene methylation and the pro-inflammatory status that progress with age and are strongly associated with the development of several age-related diseases and senescence. Changes in spermine concentration and the spermine/spermidine ratio should be considered as indicators of human health status.
近年来，多胺与健康长寿之间的关系备受关注。然而，在不了解多胺特性的情况下进行研究可能会导致意想不到的陷阱。进行多胺研究时最基本的考虑因素是，用于细胞培养的牛血清含有牛血清胺氧化酶。牛血清胺氧化酶不会因热处理而失活，它会分解精胺和亚精胺，产生剧毒的醛丙烯醛，从而导致细胞损伤并激活自噬。然而，在人类中尚未发现这种酶活性。在正常情况下，多胺分解代谢不会产生有毒醛类，但炎症和一些病原体可诱发一种诱导酶——精胺氧化酶，它只会分解精胺以产生丙烯醛，从而导致细胞毒性并激活自噬。因此，精胺氧化酶的激活会降低精胺浓度以及精胺与亚精胺的比例，这是最近在患有与年龄相关疾病的患者中报道的一个特征。长期持续的高多胺饮食会增加精胺水平，它能抑制随着年龄增长而出现的异常基因甲基化和促炎状态，而这些与几种与年龄相关疾病及衰老的发展密切相关。精胺浓度和精胺/亚精胺比例的变化应被视为人类健康状况的指标。
