Verro Barbara, Saraniti Carmelo, Carlisi Daniela, Chiesa-Estomba Carlos, Maniaci Antonino, Lechien Jerome R, Mayo Miguel, Fakhry Nicolas, Lauricella Marianna
Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
Cancers (Basel). 2023 Oct 22;15(20):5096. doi: 10.3390/cancers15205096.
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is the second most common cancer among head and neck cancers. Despite a lower incidence of laryngeal carcinoma, new diagnostic techniques, and more targeted therapies, the overall survival has not changed significantly in the last decades, leading to a negative prognosis in advanced stages. Recently, several studies have focused on the identification of biomarkers that may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of LSCC. Reviewing the literature on the main databases, this study aims to investigate the role of some biomarkers in LSCC that are correlated with oxidative stress and inflammation: heat shock proteins; metallothioneins; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; heme oxygenase; cyclooxygenase-2; and micro ribonucleic acids. This review shows that biomarker expression depends on the type, grade of differentiation, stage, and site of carcinoma. In addition, the role of these biomarkers in LSCC is still little-known and little-studied. However, the study of biomarker expression and the detection of a possible correlation with patients' epidemiological, clinicopathological, and therapeutics data may lead to better awareness and knowledge of the tumor, to the identification of the best therapeutic strategy, and the most proper follow-up protocol tailored for each patient. In conclusion, the achievement of these goals may improve the prognosis of LSCC patients.
喉鳞状细胞癌（LSCC）是头颈部癌症中第二常见的癌症。尽管喉癌的发病率较低，出现了新的诊断技术和更具针对性的治疗方法，但在过去几十年中，总体生存率并未显著改变，导致晚期患者预后不良。最近，多项研究聚焦于鉴定可能在LSCC发病机制中起关键作用的生物标志物。通过检索主要数据库中的文献，本研究旨在探讨一些与氧化应激和炎症相关的生物标志物在LSCC中的作用：热休克蛋白；金属硫蛋白；核因子红细胞2相关因子2；血红素加氧酶；环氧化酶-2；以及微小核糖核酸。本综述表明，生物标志物的表达取决于癌症的类型、分化程度、分期和部位。此外，这些生物标志物在LSCC中的作用仍鲜为人知且研究较少。然而，对生物标志物表达的研究以及检测其与患者流行病学、临床病理和治疗数据之间可能存在的相关性，可能会使人们对肿瘤有更好的认识，有助于确定最佳治疗策略以及为每位患者量身定制最合适的随访方案。总之，实现这些目标可能会改善LSCC患者的预后。
