Sekar Rajkumar, Basavegowda Nagaraj, Thathapudi Jesse Joel, Sekhar Medidi Raja, Joshi Parinita, Somu Prathap, Baek Kwang-Hyun
Department of Chemistry, Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology, GST Road, Chinna Kolambakkam, Chengalpattu 603308, India.
Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
Pharmaceutics. 2023 Jan 28;15(2):433. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020433.
Cancer is one of the most dangerous health problems in the millennium and it is the third foremost human cause of death in the universe. Traditional cancer treatments face several disadvantages and cannot often afford adequate outcomes. It has been exhibited that the outcome of several therapies can be improved when associated with nanostructures. In addition, a modern tendency is being developed in cancer therapy to convert single-modal into multi-modal therapies with the help of existing various nanostructures. Among them, gold is the most successful nanostructure for biomedical applications due to its flexibility in preparation, stabilization, surface modifications, less cytotoxicity, and ease of bio-detection. In the past few decades, gold-based nanomaterials rule cancer treatment applications, currently, gold nanostructures were the leading nanomaterials for synergetic cancer therapies. In this review article, the synthesis, stabilization, and optical properties of gold nanostructures have been discussed. Then, the surface modifications and targeting mechanisms of gold nanomaterials will be described. Recent signs of progress in the application of gold nanomaterials for synergetic cancer therapies such as photodynamic and photo-thermal therapies in combination with other common interventions such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and will be reviewed. Also, a summary of the pharmacokinetics of gold nanostructures will be delivered. Finally, the challenges and outlooks of the gold nanostructures in the clinics for applications in cancer treatments are debated.
癌症是千禧年以来最危险的健康问题之一，也是全球人类第三大死因。传统的癌症治疗方法存在诸多弊端，往往无法取得理想的治疗效果。研究表明，将多种疗法与纳米结构相结合，可以提高治疗效果。此外，借助现有的各种纳米结构，癌症治疗正在形成一种从单模态治疗向多模态治疗转变的现代趋势。其中，由于金在制备、稳定性、表面修饰、低细胞毒性以及生物检测便利性等方面的优势，它是生物医学应用中最成功的纳米结构。在过去几十年里，金基纳米材料在癌症治疗应用中占据主导地位，目前，金纳米结构是协同癌症治疗的主要纳米材料。在这篇综述文章中，我们将讨论金纳米结构的合成、稳定性和光学性质。然后，将描述金纳米材料的表面修饰和靶向机制。本文还将综述金纳米材料在协同癌症治疗中的最新进展，如光动力和光热疗法与放疗、化疗等其他常见干预措施的联合应用。此外，还将总结金纳米结构的药代动力学。最后，将探讨金纳米结构在癌症治疗临床应用中面临的挑战和前景。
