Electrical Engineering, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
Biomedical Sensors and Systems Laboratory, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
Sensors (Basel). 2023 Oct 15;23(20):8482. doi: 10.3390/s23208482.
Neurofeedback, utilizing an electroencephalogram (EEG) and/or a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) device, is a real-time measurement of brain activity directed toward controlling and optimizing brain function. This treatment has often been attributed to improvements in disorders such as ADHD, anxiety, depression, and epilepsy, among others. While there is evidence suggesting the efficacy of neurofeedback devices, the research is still inconclusive. The applicability of the measurements and parameters of consumer neurofeedback wearable devices has improved, but the literature on measurement techniques lacks rigorously controlled trials. This paper presents a survey and literary review of consumer neurofeedback devices and the direction toward clinical applications and diagnoses. Relevant devices are highlighted and compared for treatment parameters, structural composition, available software, and clinical appeal. Finally, a conclusion on future applications of these systems is discussed through the comparison of their advantages and drawbacks.
神经反馈利用脑电图（EEG）和/或近红外光谱（fNIRS）设备，实时测量大脑活动，旨在控制和优化大脑功能。这种治疗方法常归因于改善 ADHD、焦虑、抑郁和癫痫等疾病。虽然有证据表明神经反馈设备的疗效，但研究仍不确定。消费者神经反馈可穿戴设备的测量和参数的适用性已经提高，但关于测量技术的文献缺乏严格控制的试验。本文对消费者神经反馈设备进行了调查和文献综述，并探讨了其向临床应用和诊断的发展方向。重点介绍了相关设备，并比较了它们的治疗参数、结构组成、可用软件和临床吸引力。最后，通过比较优缺点，讨论了这些系统的未来应用。
