Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible, Ruta 226, km 73.5, Balcarce B7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, EEA Montecarlo, Av. El Libertador Nº 2472, Montecarlo CP3384, Misiones, Argentina.
Viruses. 2023 Oct 19;15(10):2115. doi: 10.3390/v15102115.
Rotavirus A (RVA) causes diarrhea in calves and frequently possesses the G6 and P[5]/P[11] genotypes, whereas G8 is less common. We aimed to compare RVA infections and G/P genotypes in beef and dairy calves from major livestock regions of Argentina, elucidate the evolutionary origin of a G8 strain and analyze the G8 lineages, infer the phylogenetic relationship of RVA field strains, and investigate the evolution and spatio-temporal dynamics of the main G6 lineages in American countries. Fecal samples ( = 422) from diarrheic (beef, 104; dairy, 137) and non-diarrheic (beef, 78; dairy, 103) calves were analyzed by ELISA and semi-nested multiplex RT-PCR. Sequencing, phylogenetic, phylodynamic, and phylogeographic analyses were performed. RVA infections were more frequent in beef (22.0%) than in dairy (14.2%) calves. Prevalent genotypes and G6 lineages were G6(IV)P[5] in beef (90.9%) and G6(III)P[11] (41.2%) or mixed genotypes (23.5%) in dairy calves. The only G8 strain was phylogenetically related to bovine and artiodactyl bovine-like strains. Re-analyses inside the G8 genotype identified G8(I) to G8(VIII) lineages. Of all G6 strains characterized, the G6(IV)P5 strains from "Cuenca del Salado" (Argentina) and Uruguay clustered together. According to farm location, a clustering pattern for G6(IV)P[5] strains of beef farms was observed. Both G6 lineage strains together revealed an evolutionary rate of 1.24 × 10 substitutions/site/year, and the time to the most recent common ancestor was dated in 1853. The most probable ancestral locations were Argentina in 1981 for G6(III) strains and the USA in 1940 for G6(IV) strains. The highest migration rates for both G6 lineages together were from Argentina to Brazil and Uruguay. Altogether, the epidemiology, genetic diversity, and phylogeny of RVA in calves can differ according to the production system and farm location. We provide novel knowledge about the evolutionary origin of a bovine G8P[11] strain. Finally, bovine G6 strains from American countries would have originated in the USA nearly a century before its first description.
轮状病毒 A (RVA) 会导致犊牛腹泻，通常具有 G6 和 P[5]/P[11]基因型，而 G8 则较少见。我们旨在比较来自阿根廷主要畜牧区的肉牛和奶牛犊牛的 RVA 感染和 G/P 基因型，阐明 G8 株的进化起源，并分析 G8 谱系，推断 RVA 田间株的系统发育关系，并研究主要 G6 谱系在美洲国家的进化和时空动态。通过 ELISA 和半嵌套多重 RT-PCR 分析了 422 份来自腹泻（肉牛 104 份；奶牛 137 份）和非腹泻（肉牛 78 份；奶牛 103 份）犊牛的粪便样本。进行了测序、系统发育、系统动力学和系统地理学分析。RVA 感染在肉牛（22.0%）中比奶牛（14.2%）中更为常见。流行的基因型和 G6 谱系是肉牛中的 G6(IV)P[5]（90.9%）和奶牛中的 G6(III)P[11]（41.2%）或混合基因型（23.5%）。唯一的 G8 株与牛和偶蹄目牛样株有关。在 G8 基因型内的重新分析确定了 G8(I)到 G8(VIII)谱系。在所鉴定的所有 G6 株中，来自“Cuenca del Salado”（阿根廷）和乌拉圭的 G6(IV)P5株聚集在一起。根据农场位置，观察到肉牛农场 G6(IV)P[5]株的聚类模式。G6 谱系株一起显示出 1.24×10 个取代/位点/年的进化率，最近共同祖先的时间可追溯到 1853 年。G6(III)株的最可能祖先位置是 1981 年的阿根廷，G6(IV)株的最可能祖先位置是 1940 年的美国。G6 两种谱系的最高迁移率都是从阿根廷到巴西和乌拉圭。总之，犊牛 RVA 的流行病学、遗传多样性和系统发育可能因生产系统和农场位置而异。我们提供了有关牛 G8P[11]株的进化起源的新认识。最后，来自美国的牛 G6 株在美国首次描述近一个世纪前就起源于美国。
