College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China.
Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China.
Chemosphere. 2023 Dec;345:140560. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140560. Epub 2023 Oct 27.
In recent years, the indoor exposure of organophosphate esters (OPEs) and novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) has received widespread attention worldwide. Using published data on 6 OPEs in 23 countries (n = 1437) and 2 NBFRs in 18 countries (n = 826) in indoor dust, this study systematically reviewed the concentrations, spatial distribution, sources and exposure risk of 8 flame retardants (FRs) worldwide. Tris(chloroisopropyl)phosphate (TCIPP) is the predominant FR with a median concentration of 1050 ng g ΣCl-OPEs are significantly higher than Σnon-Cl-OPEs (p < 0.05). ΣOPEs in indoor dust from industrially-developed countries are higher than those from the countries lacking industrial development. Household appliances, electronics and plastic products are the main sources of non-Cl-OPEs and NBFRs, while interior decorations and materials contribute abundant Cl-OPEs in indoor dust. The mean hazard index (HI) of TCIPP for children is greater than 1, possibly posing non-cancer risk for children in some countries. The median ILCRs for 3 carcinogenic OPEs are all less than 10, suggesting no cancer risk induced by these compounds for both adults and children. This review helps to understand the composition, spatial pattern and human exposure risk of OPEs and NBFRs in indoor dust worldwide.
近年来，全世界都在关注有机磷酸酯（OPEs）和新型溴化阻燃剂（NBFRs）的室内暴露问题。本研究利用已发表的 23 个国家室内灰尘中 6 种 OPEs（n = 1437）和 18 个国家 2 种 NBFRs（n = 826）的数据，系统地综述了 8 种阻燃剂（FRs）在全球的浓度、空间分布、来源和暴露风险。三（氯异丙基）磷酸酯（TCIPP）是主要的阻燃剂，其浓度中位数为 1050ng/g。ΣCl-OPEs 的浓度明显高于 Σnon-Cl-OPEs（p<0.05）。工业化国家室内灰尘中的 ΣOPEs 高于缺乏工业发展的国家。家用电器、电子产品和塑料制品是非 Cl-OPEs 和 NBFRs 的主要来源，而室内装饰和材料则为室内灰尘提供了丰富的 Cl-OPEs。儿童接触 TCIPP 的危害指数（HI）平均值大于 1，在某些国家，TCIPP 可能会对儿童造成非癌症风险。3 种致癌 OPEs 的中位 ILCRs 均小于 10，表明这些化合物不会对成人和儿童造成癌症风险。本综述有助于了解全球室内灰尘中 OPEs 和 NBFRs 的组成、空间分布和人体暴露风险。
