Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.
Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.
Small Methods. 2024 Jan;8(1):e2301131. doi: 10.1002/smtd.202301131. Epub 2023 Oct 31.
Radiotherapy (RT) has been a classical therapeutic method of cancer for several decades. It attracts tremendous attention for the precise and efficient treatment of local tumors with stimuli-responsive nanomaterials, which enhance RT. However, there are few systematic reviews summarizing the newly emerging stimuli-responsive mechanisms and strategies used for tumor radio-sensitization. Hence, this review provides a comprehensive overview of recently reported studies on stimuli-responsive nanomaterials for radio-sensitization. It includes four different approaches for sensitized RT, namely endogenous response, exogenous response, dual stimuli-response, and multi stimuli-response. Endogenous response involves various stimuli such as pH, hypoxia, GSH, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and enzymes. On the other hand, exogenous response encompasses X-ray, light, and ultrasound. Dual stimuli-response combines pH/enzyme, pH/ultrasound, and ROS/light. Lastly, multi stimuli-response involves the combination of pH/ROS/GSH and X-ray/ROS/GSH. By elaborating on these responsive mechanisms and applying them to clinical RT diagnosis and treatment, these methods can enhance radiosensitive efficiency and minimize damage to surrounding normal tissues. Finally, this review discusses the additional challenges and perspectives related to stimuli-responsive nanomaterials for tumor radio-sensitization.
放射治疗（RT）几十年来一直是癌症的一种经典治疗方法。它吸引了人们极大的关注，因为刺激响应纳米材料可以精确、有效地治疗局部肿瘤，从而增强 RT 的效果。然而，目前很少有系统的综述总结用于肿瘤放射增敏的新兴刺激响应机制和策略。因此，本综述全面概述了最近关于用于放射增敏的刺激响应纳米材料的研究。它包括四种不同的用于敏感 RT 的方法，即内源性响应、外源性响应、双重刺激响应和多重刺激响应。内源性响应涉及各种刺激物，如 pH、缺氧、GSH 和活性氧（ROS）和酶。另一方面，外源性响应包括 X 射线、光和超声。双重刺激响应结合了 pH/酶、pH/超声和 ROS/光。最后，多重刺激响应涉及 pH/ROS/GSH 和 X 射线/ROS/GSH 的组合。通过详细阐述这些响应机制，并将其应用于临床 RT 诊断和治疗中，可以提高放射敏感效率，同时最大限度地减少对周围正常组织的损伤。最后，本文讨论了与肿瘤放射增敏的刺激响应纳米材料相关的其他挑战和展望。
