Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417653761, Iran.
Deputy of Education, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
Med Oncol. 2023 Nov 3;40(12):344. doi: 10.1007/s12032-023-02211-6.
Glucosinolates are naturally occurring β-d-thioglucosides that mainly exist in the Brassicaceae family. The enzyme myrosinase hydrolyzes glucosinolates to form isothiocyanates, which are chemical protectors. Phenethyl isothiocyanate, sulforaphane, and benzyl isothiocyanate are potential isothiocyanate with efficient anti-cancer effects as a protective or treatment agent. Glucosinolate metabolites exert the cancer-preventive activity through different mechanisms, including induction of the Nrf2 transcription factor, inhibition of expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), induction of apoptosis through inhibiting phase I enzymes and inducting phase II enzymes, interruption of caspase pathways, STAT1/STAT2, inhibition of sulfotransferases. Moreover, glucosinolates and their metabolites are effective in cancer treatment by inhibiting angiogenesis, upregulating natural killers, increasing expression of p53, p21, caspase 3 and 9, and modulating NF-κB. Despite the mentioned cancer-preventing effects, some isothiocyanates can increase the risk of tumors. So, further studies are needed to obtain an accurate and effective dose for each glucosinolates to treat different types of tumors.
硫代葡萄糖苷是一种天然存在的β-D-硫代葡萄糖苷，主要存在于十字花科植物中。酶黑芥子酶将硫代葡萄糖苷水解成异硫氰酸盐，异硫氰酸盐是一种化学保护剂。苯乙基异硫氰酸酯、萝卜硫素和苄基异硫氰酸酯是具有高效抗癌作用的潜在异硫氰酸盐，可作为保护剂或治疗剂。硫代葡萄糖苷代谢物通过不同的机制发挥抗癌活性，包括诱导 Nrf2 转录因子、抑制肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNFα) 和白细胞介素-1β (IL-1β) 的表达、通过抑制 I 相酶和诱导 II 相酶诱导细胞凋亡、阻断半胱氨酸蛋白酶途径、STAT1/STAT2、抑制磺基转移酶。此外，硫代葡萄糖苷及其代谢物通过抑制血管生成、上调自然杀伤细胞、增加 p53、p21、caspase 3 和 9 的表达以及调节 NF-κB，在癌症治疗中也具有疗效。尽管提到了这些预防癌症的作用，但一些异硫氰酸盐会增加肿瘤的风险。因此，需要进一步的研究来获得每个硫代葡萄糖苷治疗不同类型肿瘤的准确有效剂量。
