Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia.
Biomolecules. 2020 Feb 21;10(2):343. doi: 10.3390/biom10020343.
Horseradish degradation products, mainly isothiocyanates (ITC) and nitriles, along with their precursors glucosinolates, were characterized by GC-MS and UHPLC-MS/MS, respectively. Volatiles from horseradish leaves and roots were isolated using microwave assisted-distillation (MAD), microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity (MHG) and hydrodistillation (HD). Allyl ITC was predominant in the leaves regardless of the isolation method while MAD, MHG, and HD of the roots resulted in different yields of allyl ITC, 2-phenylethyl ITC, and their nitriles. The antimicrobial potential of roots volatiles and their main compounds was assessed against sixteen emerging food spoilage and opportunistic pathogens. The MHG isolate was the most active, inhibiting bacteria at minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) from only 3.75 to 30 µg/mL, and fungi at MIC between <0.12 and 0.47 µg/mL. Cytotoxic activity of volatile isolates and their main compounds were tested against two human cancer cell lines using MTT assay after 72 h. The roots volatiles showed best cytotoxic activity (HD; IC = 2.62 μg/mL) against human lung A549 and human bladder T24 cancer cell lines (HD; IC = 0.57 μg/mL). Generally, 2-phenylethyl ITC, which was tested for its antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities along with two other major components allyl ITC and 3-phenylpropanenitrile, showed the best biological activities.
辣根降解产物，主要有异硫氰酸酯（ITC）和腈，以及它们的前体硫代葡萄糖苷，分别通过 GC-MS 和 UHPLC-MS/MS 进行了表征。辣根叶和根的挥发物分别采用微波辅助蒸馏（MAD）、微波水扩散和重力（MHG）和水蒸馏（HD）进行分离。不管采用哪种分离方法，叶中的丙烯基 ITC 都是主要的，而 MAD、MHG 和 HD 对根中的丙烯基 ITC、2-苯乙基 ITC 和它们的腈的产率不同。采用 MTT 法测定了根挥发物及其主要化合物对 16 种新兴食品腐败和机会性病原体的抗菌潜力。MHG 分离物最具活性，仅抑制细菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）为 3.75 至 30μg/ml，抑制真菌的 MIC 为 <0.12 至 0.47μg/ml。72 小时后，采用 MTT 法测定了挥发性分离物及其主要化合物对两种人癌细胞系的细胞毒性。根挥发物对人肺 A549 和人膀胱 T24 癌细胞系显示出最佳的细胞毒性（HD；IC=2.62μg/ml）（HD；IC=0.57μg/ml）。一般来说，2-苯乙基 ITC 与另外两种主要成分丙烯基 ITC 和 3-苯丙腈一起测试其抗菌和细胞毒性活性，显示出最佳的生物活性。
