Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Dev Cell. 2023 Dec 4;58(23):2776-2788.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.10.005. Epub 2023 Nov 2.
The oocyte-to-embryo transition (OET) is regulated by maternal products stored in the oocyte cytoplasm, independent of transcription. How maternal products are precisely remodeled to dictate the OET remains largely unclear. In this work, we discover the dynamic solubility phase transition of maternal RNAs during Xenopus OET. We have identified 863 maternal transcripts that transition from a soluble state to a detergent-insoluble one after oocyte maturation. These RNAs are enriched in the animal hemisphere, and many of them encode key cell cycle regulators. In contrast, 165 transcripts, including nearly all Xenopus germline RNAs and some vegetally localized somatic RNAs, undergo an insoluble-to-soluble phase transition. This phenomenon is conserved in zebrafish. Our results demonstrate that the phase transition of germline RNAs influences their susceptibility to RNA degradation machinery and is mediated by the remodeling of germ plasm. This work thus identifies important remodeling mechanisms that act on RNAs to control vertebrate OET.
卵母细胞到胚胎的转变（OET）受储存在卵母细胞质中的母体产物调控，与转录无关。母体产物如何被精确重塑以决定 OET 在很大程度上仍不清楚。在这项工作中，我们发现了 Xenopus OET 期间母体 RNA 的动态可溶性相转变。我们已经鉴定出 863 种母体转录本，这些转录本在卵母细胞成熟后从可溶状态转变为去污剂不可溶状态。这些 RNA 在动物半球中富集，其中许多编码关键的细胞周期调节剂。相比之下，165 种转录本，包括几乎所有 Xenopus 生殖系 RNA 和一些植物定位的体细胞 RNA，经历了不可溶性到可溶性的相转变。这种现象在斑马鱼中是保守的。我们的结果表明，生殖系 RNA 的相转变影响其对 RNA 降解机制的敏感性，并由生殖质的重塑介导。因此，这项工作确定了作用于 RNA 以控制脊椎动物 OET 的重要重塑机制。
