Carone Nicola, Benzi Ilaria Maria Antonietta, Muzi Laura, Parolin Laura Antonia Lucia, Fontana Andrea
Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia.
Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences, Humanities and Education, University of Perugia.
Res Psychother. 2023 Nov 8;26(3):693. doi: 10.4081/ripppo.2023.693.
The increasing use of the Internet has raised concerns about its problematic use, particularly among emerging adults who grew up in a highly digitalized world. Helicopter parenting, characterized by excessive involvement, overcontrol, and developmentally inappropriate behavior, has been identified as a potential factor contributing to problematic Internet use (PIU). Under these circumstances, considering that emerging adults navigate their adult lives and strive to reduce their sense of being in-between, implicit emotion regulation strategies, such as defense mechanisms, may help comprehend PIU. The present questionnaire-based study investigated the associations between maternal and paternal helicopter parenting and PIU through defensive functioning among a community sample of 401 cisgender emerging adults (71.82% females; 82.04% heterosexuals; Mage=24.85, SD=2.52) living in Italy. About one-fourth (25.19%) reported PIU. Greater maternal, B=0.904, SE=0.235, p<.001, but not paternal, B=0.343, SE=0.188, p=.068, helicopter parenting was significantly associated with PIU through a less mature defensive functioning. Conversely, neither maternal, B=1.158, SE=0.722, p=.109, nor paternal, B=0.355, SE=0.731, p=.628, helicopter parenting had a direct association with PIU. The results suggest the importance for psychotherapists to incorporate individuals' defense mechanisms and parent-child relationship history when designing tailored interventions for effective treatment of PIU. This emphasis is crucial because, in the context of a developmentally appropriate parenting style, relying on more mature defenses after psychotherapeutic intervention can lead to healthier adjustment among emerging adults.
互联网使用的日益增加引发了人们对其不当使用的担忧,尤其是在成长于高度数字化世界的新兴成年人中。直升机式育儿,其特点是过度参与、过度控制和发展上不适当的行为,已被确定为导致互联网使用问题(PIU)的一个潜在因素。在这种情况下,考虑到新兴成年人在步入成年生活并努力减少他们的中间状态感时,诸如防御机制等内隐情绪调节策略可能有助于理解PIU。本项基于问卷的研究,通过防御功能,调查了401名居住在意大利的顺性别新兴成年人(71.82%为女性;82.04%为异性恋;年龄中位数=24.85,标准差=2.52)的社区样本中,母亲和父亲的直升机式育儿与PIU之间的关联。约四分之一(25.19%)的人报告有PIU。母亲的直升机式育儿程度越高,B=0.904,标准误=0.235,p<0.001,但父亲的直升机式育儿程度与PIU无显著关联,B=0.343,标准误=0.188,p=0.068,通过不太成熟的防御功能,母亲的直升机式育儿与PIU显著相关。相反,母亲的直升机式育儿,B=1.158,标准误=0.722,p=0.109,和父亲的直升机式育儿,B=0.355,标准误=0.731,p=0.628,均与PIU无直接关联。结果表明,心理治疗师在设计针对PIU的有效治疗的个性化干预措施时,纳入个体的防御机制和亲子关系历史非常重要。这种强调至关重要,因为在发展上适当的育儿方式背景下,心理治疗干预后依靠更成熟的防御机制可以使新兴成年人实现更健康的适应。