College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Oct 28;24(21):15712. doi: 10.3390/ijms242115712.
Nanozymes, which combine enzyme-like catalytic activity and the biological properties of nanomaterials, have been widely used in biomedical fields. Single-atom nanozymes (SANs) with atomically dispersed metal centers exhibit excellent biological catalytic activity due to the maximization of atomic utilization efficiency, unique metal coordination structures, and metal-support interaction, and their structure-activity relationship can also be clearly investigated. Therefore, they have become an emerging alternative to natural enzymes. This review summarizes the examples of nanocatalytic therapy based on SANs in tumor diagnosis and treatment in recent years, providing an overview of material classification, activity modulation, and therapeutic means. Next, we will delve into the therapeutic mechanism of SNAs in the tumor microenvironment and the advantages of synergistic multiple therapeutic modalities (e.g., chemodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, sonothermal therapy, and gas therapy). Finally, this review proposes the main challenges and prospects for the future development of SANs in cancer diagnosis and therapy.
纳米酶结合了酶样催化活性和纳米材料的生物学特性，已被广泛应用于生物医学领域。具有原子分散金属中心的单原子纳米酶 (SANs) 由于最大限度地提高了原子利用率、独特的金属配位结构和金属-载体相互作用，表现出优异的生物催化活性，并且可以清楚地研究其结构-活性关系。因此，它们已成为天然酶的一种新兴替代品。本综述总结了近年来基于 SANs 的纳米催化治疗在肿瘤诊断和治疗中的应用实例，概述了材料分类、活性调控和治疗手段。接下来，我们将深入探讨 SNAs 在肿瘤微环境中的治疗机制以及协同多种治疗模式（如化学动力学治疗、声动力学治疗、光热治疗、化学疗法、光动力治疗、声热治疗和气体治疗）的优势。最后，本综述提出了 SANs 在癌症诊断和治疗方面未来发展的主要挑战和前景。
