Loland Sigmund, Ettema Gertjan, Sandbakk Øyvind
Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Front Psychol. 2023 Oct 27;14:1252201. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1252201. eCollection 2023.
The article commences with a fundamental objective: to comprehend movement skills in sports in a manner that can bridge the dualist gap between experiential qualities observed in practice and theoretical and mechanistic explanations. Drawing inspiration from Kuhn's concept of scientific paradigms, practical examples from skiing research, and innovative insights into the integration of phenomenology and mechanistic explanation in cognitive science, we have outlined a three-step integrative approach. The first step entails the development of phenomenological descriptions of the primary experiential qualities inherent in the execution of the skills being investigated. In the second step, phenomenological descriptions play a pivotal role by setting constraints and delineating a space for the elaboration of multilevel mechanistic analyses. These analyses draw upon insights from various fields, encompassing biomechanics, motor control approaches, expertise studies, and cognitive science. The third step involves the systematization of findings and the formulation of sport-specific movement skills theories. We contend that such theories hold substantial significance as they serve as valuable supplements to skill studies conducted within rigid, nomological frameworks. Sport-specific theories include descriptions of first-person experiential qualities and can contribute to bridging the theory-practice gap effectively.
以一种能够弥合实践中观察到的体验特质与理论及机械论解释之间二元论鸿沟的方式，理解体育中的运动技能。借鉴库恩的科学范式概念、滑雪研究的实际例子，以及对现象学与认知科学中机械论解释整合的创新见解，我们勾勒出了一种三步整合方法。第一步需要对所研究技能执行过程中固有的主要体验特质进行现象学描述。在第二步中，现象学描述通过设定限制并为多层次机械论分析的阐述划定空间，发挥着关键作用。这些分析借鉴了包括生物力学、运动控制方法、专业技能研究和认知科学等各个领域的见解。第三步涉及研究结果的系统化以及特定运动项目运动技能理论的形成。我们认为，此类理论具有重大意义，因为它们是对在严格的法则框架内进行的技能研究的宝贵补充。特定运动项目理论包括对第一人称体验特质的描述，能够有效助力弥合理论与实践之间的差距。
