Strafford Ben William, van der Steen Pawel, Davids Keith, Stone Joseph Antony
Centre for Sports Engineering Research, Sheffield Hallam University, Broomgrove Teaching Block, Broomgrove Road, Sheffield, S10 2LX, UK.
Academy of Sport and Physical Activity, Sheffield Hallam University, Collegiate Hall, Collegiate Crescent, Sheffield, S10 2BP, UK.
Sports Med Open. 2018 May 24;4(1):21. doi: 10.1186/s40798-018-0132-5.
Analyses of talent development in sport have identified that skill can be enhanced through early and continued involvement in donor sports which share affordances (opportunities for action) with a performer's main target sport. Aligning key ideas of the Athletic Skills Model and ecological dynamics theory, we propose how the sport of parkour could provide a representative and adaptive platform for developing athletic skill (e.g. coordination, timing, balance, agility, spatial awareness and muscular strength). We discuss how youth sport development programmes could be (re) designed to include parkour-style activities, in order to develop general athletic skills in affordance-rich environments. It is proposed that team sports development programmes could particularly benefit from parkour-style training since it is exploratory and adaptive nature shapes utilisation of affordances for innovative and autonomous performance by athletes. Early introduction to varied, relevant activities for development of athleticism and skill, in a diversified training programme, would provide impetus for a fundamental shift away from the early specialisation approach favoured by traditional theories of skill acquisition and expertise in sport.
对体育人才发展的分析表明，通过早期并持续参与与运动员主要目标运动具有共同可供性（行动机会）的捐赠运动，可以提高技能。结合运动技能模型和生态动力学理论的关键思想，我们提出跑酷运动如何能够为发展运动技能（如协调、时机、平衡、敏捷性、空间意识和肌肉力量）提供一个具有代表性和适应性的平台。我们讨论了青少年体育发展项目如何能够（重新）设计以纳入跑酷风格的活动，以便在可供性丰富的环境中发展一般运动技能。有人提出，团队运动发展项目可能会特别受益于跑酷风格的训练，因为其探索性和适应性的本质塑造了运动员对可供性的利用，以实现创新和自主的表现。在多样化的训练项目中尽早引入各种相关活动以发展运动能力和技能，将为从传统运动技能习得和专业知识理论所青睐的早期专业化方法向根本转变提供动力。
