Lee Seonmin, Jo Kyung, Jeong Seul-Ki-Chan, Jeon Hayeon, Choi Yun-Sang, Jung Samooel
Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea.
J Anim Sci Technol. 2023 Sep;65(5):895-911. doi: 10.5187/jast.2023.e94. Epub 2023 Sep 30.
Processed meat products play a vital role in our daily dietary intake due to their rich protein content and the inherent convenience they offer. However, they often contain synthetic additives and ingredients that may pose health risks when taken excessively. This review explores strategies to improve meat product quality, focusing on three key approaches: substituting synthetic additives, reducing the ingredients potentially harmful when overconsumed like salt and animal fat, and boosting nutritional value. To replace synthetic additives, natural sources like celery and beet powders, as well as atmospheric cold plasma treatment, have been considered. However, for phosphates, the use of organic alternatives is limited due to the low phosphate content in natural substances. Thus, dietary fiber has been used to replicate phosphate functions by enhancing water retention and emulsion stability in meat products. Reducing the excessive salt and animal fat has garnered attention. Plant polysaccharides interact with water, fat, and proteins, improving gel formation and water retention, and enabling the development of low-salt and low-fat products. Replacing saturated fats with vegetable oils is also an option, but it requires techniques like Pickering emulsion or encapsulation to maintain product quality. These strategies aim to reduce or replace synthetic additives and ingredients that can potentially harm health. Dietary fiber offers numerous health benefits, including gut health improvement, calorie reduction, and blood glucose and lipid level regulation. Natural plant extracts not only enhance oxidative stability but also reduce potential carcinogens as antioxidants. Controlling protein and lipid bioavailability is also considered, especially for specific consumer groups like infants, the elderly, and individuals engaged in physical training with dietary management. Future research should explore the full potential of dietary fiber, encompassing synthetic additive substitution, salt and animal fat reduction, and nutritional enhancement. Additionally, optimal sources and dosages of polysaccharides should be determined, considering their distinct properties in interactions with water, proteins, and fats. This holistic approach holds promise for improving meat product quality with minimal processing.
加工肉制品在我们的日常饮食摄入中起着至关重要的作用,因为它们富含蛋白质且具有内在的便利性。然而,它们通常含有合成添加剂和成分,过量食用可能会带来健康风险。本综述探讨了提高肉制品质量的策略,重点关注三种关键方法:替代合成添加剂、减少过量食用时可能有害的成分(如盐和动物脂肪)以及提高营养价值。为了替代合成添加剂,人们考虑了芹菜粉和甜菜粉等天然来源以及常压冷等离子体处理。然而,对于磷酸盐来说,由于天然物质中磷酸盐含量较低,有机替代品的使用受到限制。因此,膳食纤维已被用于通过增强肉制品的保水性和乳化稳定性来复制磷酸盐的功能。减少过量的盐和动物脂肪已引起关注。植物多糖与水、脂肪和蛋白质相互作用,改善凝胶形成和保水性,从而能够开发低盐和低脂产品。用植物油替代饱和脂肪也是一种选择,但这需要皮克林乳液或包封等技术来保持产品质量。这些策略旨在减少或替代可能危害健康的合成添加剂和成分。膳食纤维具有许多健康益处,包括改善肠道健康、减少热量摄入以及调节血糖和血脂水平。天然植物提取物不仅能增强氧化稳定性,还能作为抗氧化剂减少潜在致癌物。控制蛋白质和脂质的生物利用度也受到关注,特别是对于婴儿、老年人以及从事饮食管理的体育锻炼者等特定消费群体。未来的研究应探索膳食纤维的全部潜力,包括合成添加剂替代、盐和动物脂肪减少以及营养强化。此外,应根据多糖与水、蛋白质和脂肪相互作用的独特性质,确定其最佳来源和剂量。这种整体方法有望在最少加工的情况下提高肉制品质量。