Diagnostic Neuroimaging Research, Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2024 Mar;24 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):31-43. doi: 10.1111/ggi.14729. Epub 2023 Nov 16.
Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) is an enzyme localized to the outer mitochondrial membrane and highly concentrated in astrocytes. Temporal changes in regional MAO-B levels can be used as an index of astrocytic proliferation, known as activated astrocytes or astrogliosis. MAO-B is a marker to evaluate the degree of astrogliosis. Therefore, MAO-B positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful imaging technique for visualizing and quantifying ongoing astrogliosis through the estimate of regional MAO-B levels. Each neurodegenerative disorder generally has a characteristic distribution pattern of astrogliosis secondary to neuronal loss and pathological protein aggregation. Therefore, by imaging astrogliosis, MAO-B PET can be used as a neurodegeneration marker for identifying degenerative lesions. Any inflammation in the brain usually accompanies astrogliosis starting from an acute phase to a chronic phase. Therefore, by imaging astrogliosis, MAO-B PET can be used as a neuroinflammation marker for identifying inflammatory lesions. MAO-B levels are high in gliomas originating from astrocytes but low in lymphoid tumors. Therefore, MAO-B PET can be used as a brain tumor marker for identifying astrocytic gliomas by imaging MAO-B levels and distinguishing between astrocytic and lymphoid tumors. This review summarizes the clinical application of MAO-B PET using F-THK5351 as markers for neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and brain tumors in neurological disorders. Because we assume that MAO-B PET is clinically applied to an individual patient, we focus on visual inspection of MAO-B images at the individual patient level. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 31-43.
单胺氧化酶 B（MAO-B）是一种定位于线粒体外膜的酶，高度集中在星形胶质细胞中。区域 MAO-B 水平的时间变化可作为星形胶质细胞增殖的指标，称为活化星形胶质细胞或星形胶质细胞增生。MAO-B 是评估星形胶质细胞增生程度的标志物。因此，MAO-B 正电子发射断层扫描（PET）是一种强大的成像技术，通过估计区域 MAO-B 水平来可视化和量化正在进行的星形胶质细胞增生。每种神经退行性疾病通常都有特征性的星形胶质细胞分布模式，继发于神经元丢失和病理性蛋白聚集。因此，通过成像星形胶质细胞，MAO-B PET 可用作识别退行性病变的神经退行性标志物。大脑中的任何炎症通常都伴有从急性期到慢性期的星形胶质细胞增生。因此，通过成像星形胶质细胞，MAO-B PET 可用作识别炎症病变的神经炎症标志物。源自星形胶质细胞的神经胶质瘤中 MAO-B 水平较高，而淋巴样肿瘤中 MAO-B 水平较低。因此，通过成像 MAO-B 水平，MAO-B PET 可用作脑肿瘤标志物，以识别星形胶质细胞瘤，并区分星形胶质细胞和淋巴样肿瘤。本综述总结了使用 F-THK5351 作为标志物的 MAO-B PET 在神经退行性疾病中的神经变性、神经炎症和脑肿瘤的临床应用。因为我们假设 MAO-B PET 应用于个体患者，所以我们专注于个体患者水平的 MAO-B 图像的视觉检查。老年医学与老年病学杂志 2024；24：31-43。
