Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Neurol Clin. 2024 Feb;42(1):77-114. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2023.06.009. Epub 2023 Aug 7.
Aquaporin-4-IgG positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4+NMOSD) and myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) are antibody-associated diseases targeting astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, respectively. Their recognition as distinct entities has led to each having its own diagnostic criteria that require a combination of clinical, serologic, and MRI features. The therapeutic approach to acute attacks in AQP4+NMOSD and MOGAD is similar. There is now class 1 evidence to support attack-prevention medications for AQP4+NMOSD. MOGAD lacks proven treatments although clinical trials are now underway. In this review, we will outline similarities and differences between AQP4+NMOSD and MOGAD in terms of diagnosis and treatment.
水通道蛋白 4 免疫球蛋白 G 阳性视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病（AQP4+NMOSD）和髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白抗体相关疾病（MOGAD）分别是针对星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞的抗体相关疾病。将它们识别为不同的实体，各自有其独特的诊断标准，需要结合临床、血清学和 MRI 特征。AQP4+NMOSD 和 MOGAD 急性发作的治疗方法相似。目前有 1 类证据支持 AQP4+NMOSD 的预防攻击药物治疗。MOGAD 缺乏已证实的治疗方法，尽管目前正在进行临床试验。在这篇综述中，我们将概述 AQP4+NMOSD 和 MOGAD 在诊断和治疗方面的异同。
