State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
Food Res Int. 2023 Dec;174(Pt 1):113598. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113598. Epub 2023 Oct 21.
Prebiotics are known to modulate the gut microbiota, but there is host variability, mainly due to differences in carbohydrate-utilisation by gut microbiota. Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides are powerful carbohydrate-utilising bacteria, and the ratio of both is closely related to the utilisation of prebiotics. However, the differential impact of prebiotics on the composition and function of the gut microbiota and its metabolites in participants with different Bacteroides/Bifidobacterium (Ba/Bi) ratios have not been studied. Here, we conducted a 4-week randomised double-blind, parallel four-arm trial using two prebiotics (oligofructose and inulin) in two populations with high Ba/Bi (H) and low Ba/Bi (L). The response to prebiotics in both populations was influenced by the baseline microbiota background specificity. Notably, at an overall level, FOS was slightly better than inulin in modulating the gut microbiota. Difference in gut microbiota regulation by FOS across microbiota contexts were significant between the two groups. Butyric acid-producing bacteria were significantly more abundant in H and further elevated butyric acid and related metabolite levels, with H more likely to benefit from the FOS intervention. The two groups showed only metabolic differences in their response to inulin, with L showing a significant increase in propionic acid and being enriched in glycolysis functions, whereas H was enriched in amino acids and aminoglycolysis functions. Overall, these results provide a basis for selecting appropriate prebiotics for participants with different gut backgrounds.
益生菌被认为可以调节肠道微生物群，但宿主存在变异性，主要是由于肠道微生物群对碳水化合物的利用存在差异。双歧杆菌和拟杆菌是强有力的碳水化合物利用细菌，两者的比例与益生菌的利用密切相关。然而，益生菌对肠道微生物群的组成和功能及其代谢物的影响在双歧杆菌/拟杆菌（Ba/Bi）比值不同的参与者中尚未得到研究。在这里，我们进行了一项为期 4 周的随机、双盲、平行四组试验，在 Ba/Bi 较高（H）和较低（L）的两个人群中使用两种益生菌（低聚果糖和菊粉）。两种人群对益生菌的反应都受到基线微生物群背景特异性的影响。值得注意的是，在总体水平上，FOS 比菊粉在调节肠道微生物群方面略好。FOS 在不同微生物群环境下对肠道微生物群的调节差异在两组之间具有统计学意义。产丁酸细菌在 H 中更为丰富，并进一步升高了丁酸和相关代谢物水平，H 更有可能受益于 FOS 的干预。两组对菊粉的反应仅表现出代谢差异，L 组丙酸显著增加，并富含糖酵解功能，而 H 组富含氨基酸和氨基糖酵解功能。总的来说，这些结果为选择不同肠道背景的参与者的合适益生菌提供了依据。
