School of Population Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia; Centre of Research Excellence: Driving Global Investment in Adolescent Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia; Ngarruwan Ngadju, First Peoples Health and Wellbeing Research Centre, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
School of Population Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia; Centre of Research Excellence: Driving Global Investment in Adolescent Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
J Adolesc Health. 2024 Feb;74(2):232-245. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.08.044. Epub 2023 Nov 21.
Interpersonal violence is a leading cause of adolescent deaths and disability. This study investigates sex differences in burden of interpersonal violence for adolescents and explores associations with gender inequality.
Using data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study, we report numbers, proportions, rates of interpersonal violence deaths and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) for all ages, and rate of change (from 1990 to 2019) in adolescents aged 10-24 years disaggregated by sex and geography. We explored associations with gender inequality using gender inequality index.
One in four (24.8%) all-age interpersonal violence deaths are in adolescents. In 2019, the rate of deaths in adolescent males was almost six times higher than females (9.3 vs. 1.6 per 100,000); and since 1990, the rate of decline in DALYs for females was double than that for males (-28.9% vs. -12.7%). By contrast, the burden of sexual violence is disproportionately borne by adolescent females, with over double the rate than males (DALYs: 42.8 vs. 17.5 per 100,000). In countries with greater gender inequality, the male-to-female ratio (deaths and DALYs) was increased among older adolescents, pointing to benefits for males in more gender equal settings.
Social identities, relationships, and attitudes to violence are established in adolescence, which is an inflection point marking the emergence of disproportionate burdens of interpersonal violence. Our findings affirm that global agendas must be expanded to address interrelated factors driving multiple forms of interpersonal violence experienced by adolescents and reverberating to the next generation.
人际暴力是导致青少年死亡和残疾的主要原因。本研究调查了青少年人际暴力负担的性别差异，并探讨了与性别不平等的关联。
使用 2019 年全球疾病负担研究的数据，我们报告了所有年龄段的人际暴力死亡人数、比例、死亡率和残疾调整生命年（DALY），以及按性别和地理位置细分的 10-24 岁青少年的变化率（1990 年至 2019 年）。我们使用性别不平等指数探讨了与性别不平等的关联。
四分之一（24.8%）的全年龄段人际暴力死亡发生在青少年中。2019 年，男性青少年的死亡率几乎是女性的六倍（9.3 比 1.6/每 10 万人）；自 1990 年以来，女性 DALY 的下降速度是男性的两倍（-28.9%比-12.7%）。相比之下，性暴力的负担不成比例地由青少年女性承担，其比率是男性的两倍多（DALY：每 10 万人 42.8 比 17.5）。在性别不平等程度较高的国家，青少年后期的男性与女性的比例（死亡和 DALY）增加，这表明在性别更平等的环境中，男性受益更多。
社会认同、人际关系和对暴力的态度是在青少年时期形成的，这是一个转折点，标志着人际暴力负担的不成比例的出现。我们的研究结果证实，全球议程必须扩大，以解决驱动青少年经历多种形式的人际暴力的相互关联的因素，并对下一代产生影响。
