Burridge Karlijn, Christensen Sandra M, Golden Angela, Ingersoll Amy B, Tondt Justin, Bays Harold E
Gaining Health, 528 Pennsylvania Ave #708 Glen Ellyn, IL 60137, USA.
Integrative Medical Weight Management, 2611 NE 125th St., Suite 100B, Seattle, WA, 98125, USA.
Obes Pillars. 2022 Jan 10;1:100007. doi: 10.1016/j.obpill.2021.100007. eCollection 2022 Mar.
This Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) on History, Physical Exam, Body Composition and Energy Expenditure is intended to provide clinicians an overview of the clinical and diagnostic evaluation of patients with pre-obesity/obesity.
The scientific information for this CPS is based upon published scientific citations, clinical perspectives of OMA authors, and peer review by the Obesity Medicine Association leadership.
This CPS outlines important components of medical, dietary, and physical activity history as well as physical exams, with a focus on specific aspects unique to managing patients with pre-obesity or obesity. Patients with pre-obesity/obesity benefit from the same preventive care and general laboratory testing as those without an increase in body fat. In addition, patients with pre-obesity/obesity may benefit from adiposity-specific diagnostic testing - both generally and individually - according to patient presentation and clinical judgment. Body composition testing, such as dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, bioelectrical impedance, and other measures, each have their own advantages and disadvantages. Some patients in clinical research, and perhaps even clinical practice, may benefit from an assessment of energy expenditure. This can be achieved by several methods including direct calorimetry, indirect calorimetry, doubly labeled water, or estimated by equations. Finally, a unifying theme regarding the etiology of pre-obesity/obesity and effectiveness of treatments of obesity centers on the role of biologic and behavior efficiencies and inefficiencies, with efficiencies more often associated with increases in fat mass and inefficiencies more often associated with decreases in fat mass.
The Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) on History, Physical Exam, Body Composition and Energy Expenditure is one of a series of OMA CPSs designed to assist clinicians in the care of patients with the disease of pre-obesity/obesity.
本肥胖医学协会（OMA）关于病史、体格检查、身体成分和能量消耗的临床实践声明（CPS）旨在为临床医生提供对肥胖前期/肥胖患者进行临床和诊断评估的概述。
本CPS的科学信息基于已发表的科学文献引用、OMA作者的临床观点以及肥胖医学协会领导层的同行评审。
本CPS概述了医学、饮食和身体活动史以及体格检查的重要组成部分，重点关注肥胖前期或肥胖患者管理中独特的特定方面。肥胖前期/肥胖患者与体脂未增加的患者一样，可从相同的预防性护理和常规实验室检查中获益。此外，肥胖前期/肥胖患者根据其临床表现和临床判断，可能从针对肥胖的特异性诊断检查中普遍或个别地获益。身体成分检测，如双能X线吸收法、生物电阻抗法和其他方法，各有其优缺点。一些临床研究中的患者，甚至可能在临床实践中，可能从能量消耗评估中获益。这可以通过几种方法实现，包括直接测热法、间接测热法、双标记水法或通过公式估算。最后，关于肥胖前期/肥胖病因和肥胖治疗效果的一个统一主题集中在生物和行为效率及低效率的作用上，效率提高通常与脂肪量增加相关，而低效率通常与脂肪量减少相关。
肥胖医学协会（OMA）关于病史、体格检查、身体成分和能量消耗的临床实践声明（CPS）是OMA一系列CPS之一，旨在协助临床医生护理肥胖前期/肥胖疾病患者。
