Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China; Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
Chemosphere. 2024 Feb;349:140690. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140690. Epub 2023 Nov 21.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are important contributors to air pollution. VOCs exposure was associated with various human diseases. Depression is one of the most prevalent mental disorders and poses a serious mental health burden. Although VOCs are neurotoxic and can damage the central nervous system, the association between VOCs exposure and depression remains obscure. Based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we included 5676 adult individuals and 15 major components of urinary volatile organic compound metabolites (mVOCs). We comprehensively evaluated the potential association between each single urinary mVOC exposure and depressive symptoms using binary logistic and restricted cubic spline regression, whereas the weighted quantile sum regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model were used to explore the mixture co-exposure association. The results indicated significantly higher mean concentrations of the 11 urinary mVOC components in the depression group than that in the non-depression group. And 12 mVOC components had a significantly positive association with depression. The overall effect of all 15 mVOCs components was also significantly positive. The corresponding odds ratio was 1.56 (95%CI: 1.2-2.03) in the categorical variable model and the regression coefficient was 0.36 (95%CI: 0.12-0.6) in the numerical variable model. Five urinary mVOCs (URXCYM, URXPHG, URX34 M, URXMB3, and URXAMC) were identified as the most relevant components associated with depression, with 89.06% total weights in the categorical variable model and 89.39% in the numerical variable model. The mVOCs were the biomarkers of VOCs, their concentrations in urine could specifically represent the contents of their metabolic parents in the human body. Considering that the metabolic parents of the above five mVOCs were predominantly acrylonitrile, toluene, styrene, acrylamide, 1,3-Butadiene, and xylenes, our results further indicated that exposure to these VOCs was closely related to depression, and more attention should be paid to the mental health risks of VOCs exposure.
挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）是空气污染的重要贡献者。VOCs 暴露与各种人类疾病有关。抑郁症是最常见的精神障碍之一，构成了严重的精神健康负担。尽管 VOCs 具有神经毒性并会损害中枢神经系统，但 VOCs 暴露与抑郁症之间的关联仍不清楚。基于国家健康和营养检查调查的数据，我们纳入了 5676 名成年人以及 15 种主要的尿挥发性有机化合物代谢物（mVOCs）成分。我们使用二元逻辑回归和限制立方样条回归全面评估了每种单一尿 mVOC 暴露与抑郁症状之间的潜在关联，而加权分位数总和回归和最小绝对收缩和选择算子回归模型则用于探索混合物共同暴露的关联。结果表明，抑郁组的 11 种尿 mVOC 成分的平均浓度明显高于非抑郁组。有 12 种 mVOC 成分与抑郁呈显著正相关。所有 15 种 mVOC 成分的总体效应也呈显著正相关。在分类变量模型中，对应的比值比为 1.56（95%CI：1.2-2.03），在数值变量模型中，回归系数为 0.36（95%CI：0.12-0.6）。有 5 种尿 mVOC（URXCYM、URXPHG、URX34M、URXMB3 和 URXAMC）被确定为与抑郁最相关的成分，在分类变量模型中的总权重为 89.06%，在数值变量模型中的总权重为 89.39%。mVOCs 是 VOCs 的生物标志物，其尿液中的浓度可以特异性代表其在人体中的代谢母体的含量。考虑到上述 5 种 mVOC 的代谢母体主要是丙烯腈、甲苯、苯乙烯、丙烯酰胺、1,3-丁二烯和二甲苯，我们的结果进一步表明，接触这些 VOCs 与抑郁密切相关，应更加关注 VOCs 暴露对精神健康的风险。
