埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴阿卡卡河沿岸农户环境和粪便样本中蠕虫卵的分布情况。
Distribution of helminth eggs in environmental and stool samples of farming households along Akaki River in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
作者信息
Gurmassa Bethlhem Kinfu, Gari Sirak Robele, Solomon Ephrem Tefera, Goodson Michaela L, Walsh Claire L, Dessie Bitew K, Alemu Bezatu Mengistie
机构信息
Water and Health, Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
College of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
出版信息
Trop Med Health. 2023 Nov 24;51(1):67. doi: 10.1186/s41182-023-00558-0.
BACKGROUND
Helminth infections are a public health issue in countries with poor sanitation facilities. However, there little information on the epidemiological association between helminths in wastewater and soil samples and rates of helminth infection among farming households along the Akaki River in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2021 and February 2022. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select farming households. The sample size for each district was determined by a proportionate allocation to the number of households. From wastewater-irrigated farms, 70 wastewater samples, 28 soil samples, and 86 farmers' stool samples were collected and analyzed for helminths. A questionnaire was used to gather ethnographic data, about farming households, whereas wastewater and soil sample analysis was used to generate quantitative data on helminth loads. The data were systematically analysed by developing themes, and bias evaluated using triangulation validation methodologies. Potential pathways to helminth infection were evaluated by measuring. Total number of helminth eggs in wastewater, soil samples and farmer's stools was investigated using Poisson regression.
RESULTS
In this study, 82.9% of wastewater samples, 57.1% of soil samples, and 18.6% of farmers' stool samples contained helminth eggs. The most prevalent helminth was Ascaris lumbricoides in all samples (wastewater 67%, soil 25%, and stool 10.5%), followed by hookworm (wastewater 10%, soil 21.4%, and stool 6.9%) and Trichuris trichiura eggs (wastewater 5.7%, soil 10.7%, and stool 1.2%). There was a positive association between the total number of helminth eggs in wastewater and soil samples with counts in farmers' stool. The Poisson regression coefficients for wastewater and soil were, 1.63 (95% CI = 1.34-1.92) and 1.70 (95% CI = 1.39-2.01), (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
This research has shown a clear association between the total helminth eggs in wastewater and soil samples and farmer stools along the Akaki River. Therefore, an integrated approach is essential to address the issue in this area and prevent the spread of further helminth infections.
背景
在卫生设施较差的国家，蠕虫感染是一个公共卫生问题。然而，关于埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴阿卡卡河沿岸农户废水和土壤样本中的蠕虫与蠕虫感染率之间的流行病学关联，几乎没有相关信息。
方法
于2021年11月至2022年2月进行了一项横断面研究。采用分层随机抽样技术选择农户。每个区的样本量根据家庭数量按比例分配确定。从废水灌溉农场收集了70份废水样本、28份土壤样本和86份农民粪便样本，并对其中的蠕虫进行分析。使用问卷调查收集有关农户的人种学数据，而废水和土壤样本分析用于生成蠕虫负荷的定量数据。通过提炼主题对数据进行系统分析，并使用三角验证方法评估偏差。通过测量评估蠕虫感染的潜在途径。使用泊松回归研究废水、土壤样本和农民粪便中蠕虫卵的总数。
结果
在本研究中，82.9%的废水样本、57.1%的土壤样本和18.6%的农民粪便样本中含有蠕虫卵。所有样本中最常见的蠕虫是蛔虫（废水样本中占67%，土壤样本中占25%，粪便样本中占10.5%），其次是钩虫（废水样本中占10%，土壤样本中占21.4%，粪便样本中占6.9%）和鞭虫卵（废水样本中占5.7%，土壤样本中占10.7%，粪便样本中占1.2%）。废水和土壤样本中蠕虫卵的总数与农民粪便中的虫卵数呈正相关。废水和土壤的泊松回归系数分别为1.63（95%置信区间=1.34 - 1.92）和1.70（95%置信区间=1.39 - 2.01），（p < 0.05）。
结论
本研究表明，阿卡卡河沿岸废水和土壤样本中的蠕虫卵总数与农民粪便中的虫卵数之间存在明显关联。因此，采取综合方法对于解决该地区的问题并防止蠕虫感染的进一步传播至关重要。
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