Duradoni Mirko, Gursesli Mustafa Can, Fiorenza Maria, Donati Alessia, Guazzini Andrea
Department of Education, Literatures, Intercultural Studies, Languages and Psychology, University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy.
Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy.
Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ. 2023 Nov 13;13(11):2642-2680. doi: 10.3390/ejihpe13110184.
This literature review aims to analyze studies published by researchers on the topic of the relationship between the psychological constructs of the Dark Triad and Cognitive Empathy. This study hypothesizes how having good cognitive empathic skills could benefit people who demonstrate Dark Triad traits, as this could facilitate the implementation of manipulative strategies. Through the process of identifying studies via databases and registers, 23 studies were included in this literature review, and the results and theories brought forward by the researchers find more agreement regarding the individual components of the Dark Triad than the whole construct: narcissism seems to have, for the most part, relatively small and typical positive correlations (more than 50% of correlations), Machiavellianism has relatively small and typical negative relationships (about 80% of correlations), and psychopathy has relatively large negative relationships (about 90% of correlations). This study conveys that Machiavellians and psychopaths, having reduced empathic abilities, use manipulation techniques that do not have to do with empathy (for example seduction, intimidation etc.), while narcissists would be, among these three dimensions, those most likely to understand others' states of mind and thus be able to use this knowledge to their advantage-although there are doubts about the veracity of the statements and answers given by narcissists in the tests administered to them. This literature review could be a valid aid to professionals dealing with people who exhibit Dark Triad traits; understanding how those exhibiting Dark Triad traits manage their empathic abilities, the areas in which the various dimensions show deficits or not, and how they act to implement their manipulative and controlling tactics could aid in the development of more effective helping strategies to be utilized in therapy settings.
这篇文献综述旨在分析研究人员发表的关于黑暗三性格的心理结构与认知同理心之间关系这一主题的研究。本研究假设拥有良好的认知共情技能如何能使表现出黑暗三性格特征的人受益，因为这可能有助于实施操纵策略。通过在数据库和登记册中识别研究的过程，23项研究被纳入了这篇文献综述，研究人员提出的结果和理论在黑暗三性格的各个组成部分上比在整个结构上更具一致性：自恋在很大程度上似乎具有相对较小且典型的正相关（超过50%的相关性），马基雅维利主义具有相对较小且典型的负相关（约80%的相关性），而精神病态具有相对较大的负相关（约90%的相关性）。这项研究表明，马基雅维利主义者和精神病态者由于共情能力下降，会使用与共情无关的操纵技巧（例如诱惑、恐吓等），而在这三个维度中，自恋者最有可能理解他人的心理状态，从而能够利用这些知识为自己谋利——尽管对自恋者在测试中给出的陈述和答案的真实性存在疑问。这篇文献综述对于与表现出黑暗三性格特征的人打交道的专业人员可能是一个有效的帮助；了解那些表现出黑暗三性格特征的人如何管理他们的共情能力、各个维度在哪些方面表现出缺陷或没有缺陷，以及他们如何采取行动实施他们的操纵和控制策略，可能有助于制定更有效的帮助策略，以便在治疗环境中使用。
