Guo Yongmei, Liu Shulin, Li Yinhao, Guo Xiaoyu, Zhao Yanli, Shi Binlin, Yan Sumei
Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science at University of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Nov 15;13(22):3531. doi: 10.3390/ani13223531.
The present study investigated the effects of flaxseed oil or flaxseed grain on the intestinal microbiota and blood fatty acid profiles of Albas cashmere goats. Sixty kid goats were allocated to three treatments and fed for 90 days with a control treatment, comprising a basal diet (CON, total-mixed ration with flaxseed meal), or experimental treatments, comprising a basal diet with added flaxseed oil (LNO) and a basal diet with added heated flaxseed grain (HLS). On day 90, two goats were randomly selected from each pen (eight goats per treatment) for euthanizing; then, five of the eight goats were randomly selected, and we collected their intestinal (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon) digesta for analysis of the bacteria community. The results indicated that Firmicutes are the most predominant phylum in different segments of the intestinal digesta. Compared with the CON group, the relative abundance of duodenal Firmicutes, jejunal Saccharibacteria, and Verrucomicrobia significantly decreased in the LNO and HLS groups ( < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the LNO and HLS groups. Compared with the CON and HLS groups, the RA of duodenal and jejunal Proteobacteria remarkably increased in the LNO group ( < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between the CON and HLS groups. Compared with the CON and LNO groups, the RA of Actinobacteria remarkably increased in the small intestine of the HLS group ( < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the CON and LNO groups in the duodenum and ileum. The results of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis showed that the HLS group was characterized by a higher RA of the [Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes_group in the small intestine and the LNO group was represented by a higher RA of the Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group in the cecum and colon, while the CON group was represented by a higher RA of Solobacterium, Pseudoramibacter, and Acetitomaculum in the small intestine and a higher RA of norank_o__Bradymonadales, the Prevotellaceae_Ga6A1_group, and Ruminiclostridium_1 in the cecum and colon. In conclusion, the addition of flaxseed oil and grain rich in c18:3n3 to the diet could reduce the microbial diversity of the small intestinal segments and the microbial diversity and richness of the cecum and colon in Albas cashmere goats. And flaxseed grain is more efficient than flaxseed oil in protecting intestinal health and promoting the absorption of c18:3n3.
本研究调查了亚麻籽油或亚麻籽对阿尔巴斯绒山羊肠道微生物群和血液脂肪酸谱的影响。将60只小山羊分为三组，分别采用对照处理（CON，基础日粮含亚麻籽粕的全混合日粮）或试验处理，即基础日粮添加亚麻籽油（LNO）和基础日粮添加加热亚麻籽（HLS），饲养90天。在第90天，从每个围栏中随机挑选两只山羊（每组8只山羊）进行安乐死；然后，从这8只山羊中随机挑选5只，收集其肠道（十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠和结肠）内容物用于分析细菌群落。结果表明，厚壁菌门是肠道内容物不同节段中最主要的菌门。与CON组相比，LNO组和HLS组十二指肠厚壁菌门、空肠糖菌门和疣微菌门的相对丰度显著降低（P<0.05），但LNO组和HLS组之间无显著差异。与CON组和HLS组相比，LNO组十二指肠和空肠变形菌门的相对丰度显著增加（P<0.05），CON组和HLS组之间无显著差异。与CON组和LNO组相比，HLS组小肠放线菌门的相对丰度显著增加（P<0.05），但CON组和LNO组在十二指肠和回肠中无显著差异。线性判别分析（LDA）效应大小（LEfSe）分析结果表明，HLS组的特征是小肠中[真杆菌]_粪甾烷生成菌群的相对丰度较高，LNO组的特征是盲肠和结肠中毛螺菌科_NK3A20_组的相对丰度较高，而CON组的特征是小肠中索氏菌属、假瘤胃杆菌属和乙酸食杆菌属的相对丰度较高，盲肠和结肠中norank_o__慢生根瘤菌目、普雷沃氏菌科_Ga6A1_组和瘤胃梭菌_1的相对丰度较高。总之，在日粮中添加富含c18:3n3的亚麻籽油和亚麻籽可降低阿尔巴斯绒山羊小肠节段的微生物多样性以及盲肠和结肠的微生物多样性和丰富度。并且亚麻籽在保护肠道健康和促进c18:3n3吸收方面比亚麻籽油更有效。
