Department of Occupational Therapy, Posgraduate Program in Child and Adolescent and Cátedra Paulo Freire of Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil.
Department of Occupational Therapy of Federal University of Paraiba, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 126, Campus I, João Pessoa, PB 58025-640, Brazil.
Health Promot Int. 2023 Dec 1;38(6). doi: 10.1093/heapro/daad160.
Adolescence is an essential stage of life for developing actions related to health promotion, especially in health education (HE). Public policies advocate for the expansion of participative technologies in this field, as well as different theoretical and methodological perspectives subsidize these. Among these, Paulo Freire's reference guide is practiced in Brazil and around the world. From the Freirean perspective, Thematic Investigation (TI) defines the content of the educational practice. This paper describes a methodological proposal of the Freirean Thematic Investigation for developing health educational practices and promoting health among adolescents. Initially, we describe the conception of the Freirean rationale that sets the grounds for the proposed method: human being, dialogical education and reality and their connections with HE with adolescents in a critical perspective. The methodological proposal is systematized into five stages: (i) Approaching adolescents and the field of educational practices; (ii) Reading reality; (iii) Seminars for analyzing reality reading and preparing the codifications; (iv) Critical analysis of reality; and (v) Planning educational practices. The TI confronts the adult-centric perspectives that characterize adolescent health care. Moreover, as a praxis, TI is a process of reflection and action with adolescents, allowing for not only the discovery of the themes that build educational practices but also for solutions (untested feasibility) for the individual and collective problems experienced by adolescents concerning their health.
青春期是发展与健康促进相关行动的重要阶段，尤其是在健康教育（HE）领域。公共政策提倡在该领域扩大参与式技术的应用，并且不同的理论和方法观点为这些提供了支持。其中，巴西乃至全球都在实践着保罗·弗莱雷的参考指南。从弗莱雷的观点来看，主题研究（TI）定义了教育实践的内容。本文描述了一种基于弗莱雷主题研究的方法学提案，用于开展青少年健康教育实践和促进青少年健康。首先，我们描述了弗莱雷理论的概念，为提出的方法奠定了基础：人、对话式教育和现实，以及它们与以批判视角开展的青少年健康教育的联系。该方法学提案被系统化为五个阶段：（一）接近青少年和教育实践领域；（二）阅读现实；（三）研讨会，用于分析现实阅读并准备编码；（四）对现实进行批判性分析；以及（五）规划教育实践。TI 挑战了以成人为中心的观点，这些观点是青少年保健的特征。此外，作为一种实践，TI 是与青少年进行反思和行动的过程，不仅可以发现构建教育实践的主题，还可以为青少年在健康方面遇到的个人和集体问题找到解决方案（未经测试的可行性）。
