Nunes D, Dutra M G
Braz J Med Biol Res. 1986;19(1):59-62.
Among 671,494 children born in South American hospitals participating in the Collaborative Latin American Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC), 284 had talipes calcaneovalgus, corresponding to an incidence of 4.2 per 10,000 live births. Genetic and environmental risk factors were investigated in the sample of malformed newborns with talipes calcaneovalgus and in matched control babies. An excess number of females was found among the newborns with talipes calcaneovalgus. Talipes calcaneovalgus patients did not differ from the matched controls in terms of ethnic groups, inbreeding coefficient, time between gestations or multiple births. However, the data suggested that breech delivery and primiparae mothers are higher risk factors for this newborn malformation.
在参与拉丁美洲先天性畸形协作研究（ECLAMC）的南美医院出生的671494名儿童中，284名患有跟骨外翻足，相当于每10000例活产中有4.2例发病。对患有跟骨外翻足的畸形新生儿样本以及匹配的对照婴儿进行了遗传和环境风险因素调查。发现跟骨外翻足新生儿中女性数量过多。跟骨外翻足患者在种族、近亲繁殖系数、妊娠间隔或多胞胎方面与匹配的对照组没有差异。然而，数据表明臀位分娩和初产妇母亲是这种新生儿畸形的较高风险因素。
