Department of BSH, Faculty of Engineering and Technology (FEAT), Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DMIHER), DU, Sawangi - 442001, India.
Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2023 Nov 1;24(11):3757-3763. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2023.24.11.3757.
Our objective in the present study is to detect oral mucosal lesions non-invasively by probing two solutions with reference to diagnostic technique and non-invasive media. In the diagnostic technique, Stokes shift (SS) spectroscopy (SSS) has been utilized for the detection of oral lesions. In the diagnostic media, human oral tissue and saliva are included.
SS measurements are carried out on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), dysplastic (precancer), and normal/control tissue and saliva samples. Measurements are performed on 86 tissue and 86 saliva samples using the commercially available spectrofluorometer. Offset wavelength of 120 nm, which is the Stoke shift of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) has been selected over the other offsets (i.e., 20, 40, 70 and 90 nm).
Presence of tryptophan, collagen, NADH, and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) bands were noticed in the SS spectra of tissue. Like the tissue spectra, presence of these bands was also found in the SS spectra of saliva except the collagen band. Classification among the samples accomplished by the make use of multivariate analysis methods. In the multivariate analysis methods, principal component analysis (PCA) is applied first on SS data of tissue and saliva and then Mahalanobis distance (MD) model and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis employed successively. Overall accuracy values of 94.91 %, 84.61 %, and 85.24 % were obtained among OSCC to normal, dysplasia to normal, and OSCC to dysplasia for tissue samples and 88.46 %, 90.16 % and 94.91 % accuracy values were obtained for saliva using the SS spectroscopy.
Obtained results of human saliva are equivalent to human oral tissue using the SS spectroscopy. It indicates that saliva may be utilized as a substitute diagnostic medium and SS spectroscopy as a diagnostic technique for non-invasive detection of oral lesions at the primarily stage.
本研究旨在通过参照诊断技术和非侵入性介质，用探针探测两种溶液来无创性地检测口腔黏膜病变。在诊断技术中，已经利用斯托克斯位移（SS）光谱（SSS）来检测口腔病变。在诊断介质中，包括人体口腔组织和唾液。
对口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）、发育不良（癌前病变）和正常/对照组织和唾液样本进行 SS 测量。使用市售的荧光分光光度计对 86 个组织和 86 个唾液样本进行测量。选择 120nm 的偏移波长（即烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NADH）的斯托克斯位移），而不是其他偏移波长（即 20、40、70 和 90nm）。
在组织的 SS 光谱中注意到色氨酸、胶原蛋白、NADH 和黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸（FAD）带的存在。与组织光谱一样，除了胶原蛋白带外，在唾液的 SS 光谱中也发现了这些带的存在。通过使用多元分析方法对样本进行分类。在多元分析方法中，首先对组织和唾液的 SS 数据应用主成分分析（PCA），然后依次应用马哈拉诺比斯距离（MD）模型和接收者操作特征（ROC）分析。在组织样本中，OSCC 与正常、发育不良与正常、OSCC 与发育不良之间的总体准确率分别为 94.91%、84.61%和 85.24%；在唾液中，使用 SS 光谱获得的准确率分别为 88.46%、90.16%和 94.91%。
使用 SS 光谱获得的人唾液结果与人体口腔组织相当。这表明唾液可以用作替代诊断介质，SS 光谱可以作为非侵入性检测口腔病变的诊断技术，用于初步阶段。
