Nursing Department, Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Department of Nursing, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.
J Med Internet Res. 2023 Nov 29;25:e49257. doi: 10.2196/49257.
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common public health challenge. Health-promoting behaviors such as diet and physical activity are central to preventing and controlling MetS. However, the adoption of diet and physical activity behaviors has always been challenging. An individualized mobile health (mHealth)-based intervention using the Behavior Change Wheel is promising in promoting health behavior change and reducing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. However, the effects of this intervention are not well understood among people with MetS in mainland China.
We aimed to evaluate the effects of the individualized mHealth-based intervention using the Behavior Change Wheel on behavior change and ASCVD risk in people with MetS.
We conducted a quasi-experimental, nonrandomized study. Individuals with MetS were recruited from the health promotion center of a tertiary hospital in Zhejiang province, China. The study involved 138 adults with MetS, comprising a control group of 69 participants and an intervention group of 69 participants. All participants received health education regarding diet and physical activity. The intervention group additionally received a 12-week individualized intervention through a WeChat mini program and a telephone follow-up in the sixth week of the intervention. Primary outcomes included diet, physical activity behaviors, and ASCVD risk. Secondary outcomes included diet self-efficacy, physical activity self-efficacy, knowledge of MetS, quality of life, and the quality and efficiency of health management services. The Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed rank test were primarily used for data analysis. Data analysis was conducted based on the intention-to-treat principle using SPSS (version 25.0; IBM Corp).
Baseline characteristics did not differ between the 2 groups. Compared with the control group, participants in the intervention group showed statistically significant improvements in diet behavior, physical activity behavior, diet self-efficacy, physical activity self-efficacy, knowledge of MetS, physical health, and mental health after a 12-week intervention (P=.04, P=.001, P=.04, P=.04, P=.001, P=.04, P=.04, and P<.05). The intervention group demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in outcomes from pre- to postintervention evaluations (P<.001, P=.03, P<.001, P=.04, P<.001, P<.001, and P<.001). The intervention also led to enhanced health management services and quality.
The individualized mHealth-based intervention using the Behavior Change Wheel was effective in promoting diet and physical activity behaviors in patients with MetS. Nurses and other health care professionals may incorporate the intervention into their health promotion programs.
代谢综合征（MetS）是一种常见的公共卫生挑战。促进健康的行为，如饮食和身体活动，是预防和控制 MetS 的核心。然而，饮食和身体活动行为的采用一直具有挑战性。基于行为改变轮的个体化移动健康（mHealth）干预在促进健康行为改变和降低动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病（ASCVD）风险方面很有前景。然而，这种干预措施在中国内地 MetS 人群中的效果尚不清楚。
我们旨在评估基于行为改变轮的个体化 mHealth 干预对 MetS 患者行为改变和 ASCVD 风险的影响。
我们进行了一项准实验、非随机研究。从中国浙江省一家三级医院的健康促进中心招募了 MetS 患者。研究涉及 138 名 MetS 成年人，包括对照组 69 名参与者和干预组 69 名参与者。所有参与者均接受了关于饮食和身体活动的健康教育。干预组还通过微信小程序和干预第 6 周的电话随访接受了为期 12 周的个体化干预。主要结局包括饮食、身体活动行为和 ASCVD 风险。次要结局包括饮食自我效能、身体活动自我效能、MetS 知识、生活质量以及健康管理服务的质量和效率。主要采用 Mann-Whitney U 检验和 Wilcoxon 符号秩检验进行数据分析。基于意向治疗原则，使用 SPSS（版本 25.0；IBM Corp）进行数据分析。
两组间的基线特征无差异。与对照组相比，干预组参与者在 12 周干预后，在饮食行为、身体活动行为、饮食自我效能、身体活动自我效能、MetS 知识、身体健康和心理健康方面的表现有显著改善（P=.04，P=.001，P=.04，P=.04，P=.001，P=.04，P=.04，P<.05）。干预组从预干预到后干预的评估结果显示出统计学上的显著改善（P<.001，P=.03，P<.001，P=.04，P<.001，P<.001，P<.001）。该干预还提高了健康管理服务和质量。
基于行为改变轮的个体化 mHealth 干预在促进 MetS 患者饮食和身体活动行为方面是有效的。护士和其他卫生保健专业人员可以将该干预纳入他们的健康促进计划中。
