Squeo Maria Rosaria, Monosilio Sara, Gismondi Alessandro, Perrone Marco, Gregorace Emanuele, Lemme Erika, Di Gioia Giuseppe, Mango Ruggiero, Prosperi Silvia, Spataro Antonio, Maestrini Viviana, Di Giacinto Barbara, Pelliccia Antonio
Italian National Olympic Committee, Institute of Sport Medicine and Science, Roma, Italy.
Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2023 Nov 29;9(4):e001610. doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001610. eCollection 2023.
The Tokyo Olympic games were the only games postponed for a year in peacetime, which will be remembered as the COVID-19 Olympics. No data are currently available on the effect on athlete's performance.
To examine the Italian Olympic athletes who have undergone the return to play (RTP) protocol after COVID-19 and their Olympic results.
642 Potential Olympics (PO) athletes competing in 19 summer sport disciplines were evaluated through a preparticipation screening protocol and, when necessary, with the RTP protocol. The protocol comprised blood tests, 12-lead resting ECG, transthoracic echocardiogram, cardiopulmonary exercise test, 24-hour Holter-ECG monitoring and cardiovascular MR based on clinical indication.
Of the 642 PO athletes evaluated, 384 participated at the Olympic Games, 254 being excluded for athletic reasons. 120 athletes of the total cohort of 642 PO were affected by COVID-19. They were evaluated with the RTP protocol before resuming physical activity after a mean detraining period of 30±13 days. Of them, 100 were selected for Olympic Games participation, 16 were excluded for athletic reasons and 4 were due to RTP results (2 for COVID-19-related myocarditis, 1 for pericarditis and 1 for complex ventricular arrhythmias). Among athletes with a history of COVID-19 allowed to resume physical activity after the RTP and selected for the Olympic Games, no one had abnormalities in cardiopulmonary exercise test parameters, and 28 became medal winners with 6 gold, 6 silver and 19 bronze medals.
Among athletes with COVID-19, there is a low prevalence of cardiac sequelae. For those athletes allowed to resume physical activity after the RTP evaluation, the infection and the forced period of inactivity didn't have a negative impact on athletic performance.
东京奥运会是和平时期唯一一次推迟一年举办的奥运会，它将作为“新冠疫情下的奥运会”被人们铭记。目前尚无关于其对运动员表现影响的数据。
研究新冠疫情后遵循重返赛场（RTP）方案的意大利奥运选手及其奥运成绩。
通过赛前筛查方案对642名参加19个夏季运动项目的潜在奥运（PO）选手进行评估，必要时采用RTP方案。该方案包括血液检查、静息12导联心电图、经胸超声心动图、心肺运动试验、24小时动态心电图监测以及根据临床指征进行的心血管磁共振成像检查。
在评估的642名PO选手中，384人参加了奥运会，254人因竞技原因被排除。642名PO选手的总队列中有120人感染了新冠病毒。他们在平均停训30±13天后，在恢复体育活动前接受了RTP方案评估。其中，100人被选参加奥运会，16人因竞技原因被排除，4人因RTP结果被排除（2人因新冠相关心肌炎，1人因心包炎，1人因复杂性室性心律失常）。在有新冠病史且经RTP后获准恢复体育活动并入选奥运会的选手中，无人在心肺运动试验参数方面存在异常，28人获得奖牌，其中包括6枚金牌、6枚银牌和19枚铜牌。
在感染新冠病毒的运动员中，心脏后遗症的患病率较低。对于那些在RTP评估后获准恢复体育活动的运动员来说，感染和被迫停训期并未对其运动表现产生负面影响。
