Preparation of Herbal Nano-Formulation-Assisted Mouth Paint Using Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Its Biomedical Applications.

Background Mouth paint is a liquid oral care solution applied topically to the mouth, formulated to address oral health concerns like bacterial infections, inflammation, and bad breath. To improve the effectiveness of oral healthcare, nanomaterials are utilized in many dental products. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiONPs) exert their antimicrobial effects through mechanisms like producing reactive oxygen species and direct interaction with microbial cells. The current study explored the antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic effects of the mouth paint prepared using TiONPs using an aqueous formulation of lemongrass and dry ginger. Methods Mouthpaint prepared using TiONPs synthesized using lemongrass and ginger was prepared and tested for potential applications. The antimicrobial activity of the prepared TiONPs-mediated mouth paint at different concentrations (25, 50, and 100 µL) against oral pathogens ( and  was evaluated using the Agar well diffusion method. The anti-inflammatory activity of the produced mouth paint was examined using a bovine serum albumin denaturation assay and an egg albumin denaturation assay. The cytotoxic effect of the produced mouthpaint was analyzed using a brine shrimp lethality assay.  Results Green synthesized TiONPs showed potent antimicrobial activity against the tested oral pathogens by exhibiting a zone of inhibition of 11 mm on Petriplate against  and  at 100 μL concentration. The prepared nanoparticles-mediated mouth paint possesses significant anti-inflammatory activity by effectively preventing the denaturation of bovine serum albumin, with a 74% inhibition at a concentration of 50 μL. The egg albumin denaturation assay showed a percentage inhibition of 80% at 50 μL. At the lowest concentration of 5 μL of the prepared mouth paint, 90% of the nauplii (egg-to-larvae stage of brine shrimp) remained alive after 48 hours. Conclusion The results showed that mouthpaint prepared using titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesized using lemongrass and dry ginger formulations possessed significant antimicrobial activity and also displayed potential anti-inflammatory activity. The prepared mouth paint also displayed less toxicity, and hence, it can be used as an alternative to the commercially available synthetic mouth paint, which has more side effects.