Liberman R P, Mueser K T, Wallace C J, Jacobs H E, Eckman T, Massel H K
Schizophr Bull. 1986;12(4):631-47. doi: 10.1093/schbul/12.4.631.
Social skills training methods represent a major strategy for psychiatric rehabilitation. Building skills in patients with schizophrenic and other major mental disorders is based on the assumption that coping and competence can override stress and vulnerability in reducing relapses and improving psychosocial functioning. For maximum efficiency, skills training needs to incorporate procedures and principles of human learning and information processing. Several models for skills training have been designed and evaluated, each of which has proved to be effective in raising the social competence of chronic mental patients. The "basic" model involves role playing by the patient and modeling, prompting, feedback, and reinforcement by the therapist. A "problem-solving" model of training provides general strategies for dealing with a wide variety of social situations. This model uses role playing to enhance behavioral performance but also highlights the patient's abilities to perceive and process incoming social messages and meanings. It is essential that social skills training be imbedded in a comprehensive program of rehabilitation that features continuity of care, supportive community services, therapeutic relationships, and judicious prescription of psychotropic drugs.
社交技能训练方法是精神康复的一项主要策略。对精神分裂症患者及其他重度精神障碍患者进行技能培养，其依据的假设是，在减少复发和改善心理社会功能方面，应对能力和技能可以克服压力和易感性。为实现最高效率，技能训练需要纳入人类学习和信息处理的程序及原则。已经设计并评估了几种技能训练模式，每种模式在提高慢性精神病患者的社交能力方面都已证明是有效的。“基础”模式包括患者进行角色扮演以及治疗师进行示范、提示、反馈和强化。“解决问题”训练模式提供应对各种社交情境的一般策略。该模式利用角色扮演来提高行为表现，但同时也强调患者感知和处理传入社交信息及意义的能力。社交技能训练必须融入一个全面的康复计划，该计划的特点是持续护理、支持性社区服务、治疗关系以及合理使用精神药物。
