Kaur Harshdeep, Garg Rahul, Singh Sajan, Jana Atanu, Bathula Chinna, Kim Hyun-Seok, Kumbar Sangamesh G, Mittal Mona
Department of Chemistry, University institute of science, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Punjab 140413, India.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Rd, Hussainpur, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India.
J Mol Liq. 2022 Dec 15;368(A). doi: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120703. Epub 2022 Nov 1.
Nanomaterials by virtue of their small size and enhanced surface area, present unique physicochemical properties that enjoy widespread applications in bioengineering, biomedicine, biotechnology, disease diagnosis, and therapy. In recent years, graphene and its derivatives have attracted a great deal of attention in various applications, including photovoltaics, electronics, energy storage, catalysis, sensing, and biotechnology owing to their exceptional structural, optical, thermal, mechanical, and electrical. Graphene is a two-dimensional sheet of sp hybridized carbon atoms of atomic thickness, which are arranged in a honeycomb crystal lattice structure. Graphene derivatives are graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), which are highly oxidized and less oxidized forms of graphene, respectively. Another form of graphene is graphene quantum dots (GQDs), having a size of less than 20 nm. Contemporary graphene research focuses on using graphene nanomaterials for biomedical purposes as they have a large surface area for loading biomolecules and medicine and offer the potential for the conjugation of fluorescent dyes or quantum dots for bioimaging. The present review begins with the synthesis, purification, structure, and properties of graphene nanomaterials. Then, we focussed on the biomedical application of graphene nanomaterials with special emphasis on drug delivery, bioimaging, biosensing, tissue engineering, gene delivery, and chemotherapy. The implications of graphene nanomaterials on human health and the environment have also been summarized due to their exposure to their biomedical applications. This review is anticipated to offer useful existing understanding and inspire new concepts to advance secure and effective graphene nanomaterials-based biomedical devices.
纳米材料因其尺寸小和表面积大，呈现出独特的物理化学性质，在生物工程、生物医学、生物技术、疾病诊断和治疗等领域有着广泛的应用。近年来，石墨烯及其衍生物因其优异的结构、光学、热学、力学和电学性能，在包括光伏、电子、能量存储、催化、传感和生物技术在内的各种应用中受到了广泛关注。石墨烯是由原子厚度的sp杂化碳原子组成的二维薄片，呈蜂窝晶格结构排列。石墨烯衍生物是氧化石墨烯（GO）和还原氧化石墨烯（rGO），它们分别是石墨烯的高度氧化和轻度氧化形式。石墨烯的另一种形式是尺寸小于20nm的石墨烯量子点（GQDs）。当代石墨烯研究聚焦于将石墨烯纳米材料用于生物医学目的，因为它们具有较大的表面积来负载生物分子和药物，并为生物成像提供了连接荧光染料或量子点的潜力。本综述首先介绍了石墨烯纳米材料的合成、纯化、结构和性质。然后，我们重点讨论了石墨烯纳米材料在生物医学方面的应用，特别强调了药物递送、生物成像、生物传感、组织工程、基因递送和化疗。由于石墨烯纳米材料在生物医学应用中的暴露，还总结了它们对人类健康和环境的影响。预计本综述将提供有用的现有认识，并激发新的概念，以推动基于石墨烯纳米材料的安全有效的生物医学设备的发展。
