Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682 041, Kerala, India.
Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682 041, Kerala, India.
Asian J Psychiatr. 2024 Jan;91:103861. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103861. Epub 2023 Dec 13.
Increased exposure to stress is associated with stress-related disorders, including depression, anxiety, and neurodegenerative conditions. However, susceptibility to stress is not seen in every individual exposed to stress, and many of them exhibit resilience. Thus, developing resilience to stress could be a big breakthrough in stress-related disorders, with the potential to replace or act as an alternative to the available therapies. In this article, we have focused on the recent advancements in gut microbiome research and the potential role of the gut-brain axis (GBA) in developing resilience or susceptibility to stress. There might be a complex interaction between the autonomic nervous system (ANS), immune system, endocrine system, microbial metabolites, and bioactive lipids like short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), neurotransmitters, and their metabolites that regulates the communication between the gut microbiota and the brain. High fiber intake, prebiotics, probiotics, plant supplements, and fecal microbiome transplant (FMT) could be beneficial against gut dysbiosis-associated brain disorders. These could promote the growth of SCFA-producing bacteria, thereby enhancing the gut barrier and reducing the gut inflammatory response, increase the expression of the claudin-2 protein associated with the gut barrier, and maintain the blood-brain barrier integrity by promoting the expression of tight junction proteins such as claudin-5. Their neuroprotective effects might also be related to enhancing the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1). Further investigations are needed in the field of the gut microbiome for the elucidation of the mechanisms by which gut dysbiosis contributes to the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders.
压力暴露增加与应激相关障碍有关，包括抑郁症、焦虑症和神经退行性疾病。然而，并非每个暴露于压力的个体都表现出易感性，其中许多人表现出韧性。因此，培养对压力的适应能力可能是应激相关障碍的一个重大突破，有可能替代或作为现有治疗方法的替代方法。在本文中，我们重点关注了肠道微生物组研究的最新进展以及肠道-大脑轴（GBA）在培养对压力的适应能力或易感性方面的潜在作用。自主神经系统（ANS）、免疫系统、内分泌系统、微生物代谢物和生物活性脂质（如短链脂肪酸（SCFA）、神经递质及其代谢物）之间可能存在复杂的相互作用，调节肠道微生物群和大脑之间的通讯。高纤维摄入、益生元、益生菌、植物补充剂和粪便微生物群移植（FMT）可能有益于对抗与肠道菌群失调相关的脑部疾病。这些可以促进产生 SCFA 的细菌的生长，从而增强肠道屏障并减少肠道炎症反应，增加与肠道屏障相关的闭合蛋白-2 蛋白的表达，并通过促进紧密连接蛋白（如闭合蛋白-5）的表达来维持血脑屏障的完整性。它们的神经保护作用也可能与增强脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）和胰高血糖素样肽（GLP-1）的表达有关。需要进一步在肠道微生物组领域进行研究，以阐明肠道菌群失调如何导致神经精神疾病的病理生理学。
