Zota Ioana Mădălina, Ghiciuc Cristina Mihaela, Cojocaru Doina Clementina, Dima-Cozma Corina Lucia, Leon Maria Magdalena, Gavril Radu Sebastian, Roca Mihai, Costache Alexandru Dan, Maștaleru Alexandra, Anghel Larisa, Stătescu Cristian, Sascău Radu Andy, Mitu Florin
Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700111 Iași, Romania.
Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algeziology, Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700111 Iași, Romania.
J Clin Med. 2023 Dec 10;12(24):7602. doi: 10.3390/jcm12247602.
Arterial stiffness naturally increases with age and is a known predictor of cardiovascular morbimortality. Blood flow restriction (BFR) training involves decreasing muscle blood flow by applying a strap or a pneumatic cuff during exercise. BFR induces muscle hypertrophy even at low intensities, making it an appealing option for older, untrained individuals. However, BFR use in patients with cardiovascular comorbidities is limited by the increased pressor and chronotropic response observed in hypertensive elderly patients. Furthermore, the impact of BFR on vascular function remains unclear. We conducted a comprehensive literature review according to PRISMA guidelines, summarizing available data on the acute and long-term consequences of BFR training on vascular function. Although evidence is still scarce, it seems that BFR has a mild or neutral long-term impact on arterial stiffness. However, current research shows that BFR can cause an abrupt, albeit transient, increase in PWV and central blood pressure. BFR and, preferably, lower-body BFR, should be prescribed with caution in older populations, especially in hypertensive patients who have an exacerbated muscle metaboreflex pressor response. Longer follow-up studies are required to assess the chronic effect of BFR training on arterial stiffness, especially in elderly patients who are usually unable to tolerate high-intensity resistance exercises.
动脉僵硬度会随着年龄自然增加，并且是心血管疾病发病率和死亡率的已知预测指标。血流限制（BFR）训练是指在运动期间通过使用绑带或气动袖带减少肌肉血流量。即使在低强度下，BFR也能诱导肌肉肥大，这使其成为老年、未经训练个体的一个有吸引力的选择。然而，在患有心血管合并症的患者中使用BFR受到高血压老年患者中观察到的压力和变时反应增加的限制。此外，BFR对血管功能的影响仍不清楚。我们根据PRISMA指南进行了全面的文献综述，总结了关于BFR训练对血管功能的急性和长期影响的现有数据。尽管证据仍然稀少，但BFR似乎对动脉僵硬度有轻微或中性的长期影响。然而，目前的研究表明，BFR会导致脉搏波速度（PWV）和中心血压突然升高，尽管这种升高是短暂的。在老年人群中，尤其是在肌肉代谢反射性压力反应加剧的高血压患者中，应谨慎使用BFR，最好是下身BFR。需要进行更长时间的随访研究来评估BFR训练对动脉僵硬度的慢性影响，特别是在通常无法耐受高强度抗阻运动的老年患者中。
