Chen Nuo, Zhu Jide, Chen Xinrong, Lin Fengcai, Zheng Xiaoxiao, Zheng Guocai, Lin Qi, Chen Jipeng, Xu Yanlian
Fujian Engineering Research Center of New Chinese Lacquer Materials, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst (NERC-CFC), College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Apr 26;26(9):4118. doi: 10.3390/ijms26094118.
Marine antifouling coatings that rely on the release of antifouling agents are the most prevalent and effective strategy for combating fouling. However, the environmental concerns arising from the widespread discharge of these agents into marine ecosystems cannot be overlooked. An innovative and promising alternative involves incorporating antimicrobial groups into polymers to create coatings endowed with intrinsic antimicrobial properties. In this study, we reported an urushiol-based benzoxazine (URB) monomer, synthesized from natural urushiol and antibacterial rosin amine. The URB monomer was subsequently polymerized through thermal curing ring-opening polymerization, resulting in the formation of a urushiol-based benzoxazine polymer (URHP) coating with inherent antimicrobial properties. The surface of the URHP coating is smooth, flat, and non-permeable. Contact angle and surface energy measurements confirm that the URHP coating is hydrophobic with low surface energy. In the absence of antimicrobial agent release, the intrinsic properties of the URHP coating can effectively kill or repel fouling organisms. Furthermore, with bare glass slides serving as the control sample, the coating demonstrates outstanding anti-adhesion capabilities against four types of bacteria (, , , and sp.), and three marine microalgae (, , and ), proving its efficacy in preventing fouling organisms from settling and adhering to the surface. Thus, the combined antibacterial and anti-adhesion properties endow the URHP coating with superior antifouling performance. This non-release antifouling coating represents a green and environmentally sustainable strategy for antifouling.
依靠防污剂释放的海洋防污涂料是对抗生物污损最普遍且有效的策略。然而，这些防污剂广泛排放到海洋生态系统中所引发的环境问题不容忽视。一种创新且有前景的替代方法是将抗菌基团引入聚合物中，以制备具有固有抗菌性能的涂料。在本研究中，我们报道了一种由天然漆酚和抗菌松香胺合成的漆酚基苯并恶嗪（URB）单体。随后，URB单体通过热固化开环聚合进行聚合，形成了具有固有抗菌性能的漆酚基苯并恶嗪聚合物（URHP）涂层。URHP涂层表面光滑、平整且不透水。接触角和表面能测量结果证实，URHP涂层具有低表面能的疏水性。在不释放抗菌剂的情况下，URHP涂层的固有特性能够有效杀灭或驱避污损生物。此外，以裸玻片作为对照样品，该涂层对四种细菌（、、、和sp.）以及三种海洋微藻（、、和）表现出出色的抗粘附能力，证明了其在防止污损生物在表面沉降和粘附方面的有效性。因此，抗菌和抗粘附性能相结合赋予了URHP涂层卓越的防污性能。这种无释放的防污涂层代表了一种绿色且环境可持续的防污策略。
