Pereira Ana Flávia Marques, Cavalcante Joeliton S, Angstmam Davi Gomes, Almeida Cayo, Soares Gean S, Pucca Manuela B, Ferreira Junior Rui Seabra
Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu 01419-901, SP, Brazil.
Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu 01419-901, SP, Brazil.
Pharmaceutics. 2023 Dec 13;15(12):2766. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122766.
The concept of pain encompasses a complex interplay of sensory and emotional experiences associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Accurately describing and localizing pain, whether acute or chronic, mild or severe, poses a challenge due to its diverse manifestations. Understanding the underlying origins and mechanisms of these pain variations is crucial for effective management and pharmacological interventions. Derived from a wide spectrum of species, including snakes, arthropods, mollusks, and vertebrates, animal venoms have emerged as abundant repositories of potential biomolecules exhibiting analgesic properties across a broad spectrum of pain models. This review focuses on highlighting the most promising venom-derived toxins investigated as potential prototypes for analgesic drugs. The discussion further encompasses research prospects, challenges in advancing analgesics, and the practical application of venom-derived toxins. As the field continues its evolution, tapping into the latent potential of these natural bioactive compounds holds the key to pioneering approaches in pain management and treatment. Therefore, animal toxins present countless possibilities for treating pain caused by different diseases. The development of new analgesic drugs from toxins is one of the directions that therapy must follow, and it seems to be moving forward by recommending the composition of multimodal therapy to combat pain.
疼痛的概念涵盖了与实际或潜在组织损伤相关的感觉和情感体验的复杂相互作用。由于疼痛表现多样,准确描述和定位疼痛(无论是急性还是慢性、轻度还是重度)都具有挑战性。了解这些疼痛变化的潜在根源和机制对于有效管理和药物干预至关重要。动物毒液来源于包括蛇、节肢动物、软体动物和脊椎动物在内的广泛物种,已成为潜在生物分子的丰富宝库,在广泛的疼痛模型中表现出镇痛特性。本综述重点介绍了作为镇痛药潜在原型而被研究的最有前景的毒液衍生毒素。讨论还包括研究前景、推进镇痛药的挑战以及毒液衍生毒素的实际应用。随着该领域的不断发展,挖掘这些天然生物活性化合物的潜在潜力是疼痛管理和治疗开创性方法的关键。因此,动物毒素为治疗由不同疾病引起的疼痛提供了无数可能性。从毒素开发新的镇痛药是治疗必须遵循的方向之一,并且似乎正通过推荐多模式治疗的组合来对抗疼痛而向前发展。