He Kang, Liu Qiangbo, Zhang Jialei, Zhang Guanchu, Li Guolin
Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, China.
National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Dec 13;12(24):4155. doi: 10.3390/plants12244155.
Short-term drought events occur more frequently and more intensively under global climate change. Biochar amendment has been documented to ameliorate the negative effects of water deficits on plant performance. Moreover, biochar can alter the soil microbial community, soil properties and soil metabolome, resulting in changes in soil functioning. We aim to reveal the extent of biochar addition on soil nutrients and the soil microbial community structure and how this improves the tolerance of legume crops (peanuts) to short-term extreme drought. We measured plant performances under different contents of biochar, set as a gradient of 2%, 3% and 4%, after an extreme experimental drought. In addition, we investigated how soil bacteria and fungi respond to biochar additions and how the soil metabolome changes in response to biochar amendments, with combined growth experiments, high-throughput sequencing and soil omics. The results indicated that biochar increased nitrites and available phosphorus. Biochar was found to influence the soil bacterial community structure more intensively than the soil fungal community. Additionally, the fungal community showed a higher randomness under biochar addition when experiencing short-term extreme drought compared to the bacterial community. Soil bacteria may be more strongly related to soil nutrient cycling in peanut agricultural systems. Although the soil metabolome has been documented to be influenced by biochar addition independent of soil moisture, we found more differential metabolites with a higher biochar content. We suggest that biochar enhances the resistance of plants and soil microbes to short-term extreme drought by indirectly modifying soil functioning probably due to direct changes in soil moisture and soil pH.
在全球气候变化的背景下，短期干旱事件发生得更为频繁且强度更大。已有文献记载，生物炭改良可减轻水分亏缺对植物生长的负面影响。此外，生物炭能够改变土壤微生物群落、土壤性质和土壤代谢组，从而导致土壤功能发生变化。我们旨在揭示添加生物炭对土壤养分和土壤微生物群落结构的影响程度，以及这如何提高豆类作物（花生）对短期极端干旱的耐受性。在经历极端试验干旱后，我们测定了不同生物炭含量（设定为2%、3%和4%的梯度）下的植物生长情况。此外，我们结合生长实验、高通量测序和土壤组学技术，研究了土壤细菌和真菌对生物炭添加的响应，以及土壤代谢组如何因生物炭改良而发生变化。结果表明，生物炭增加了亚硝酸盐和有效磷的含量。研究发现，生物炭对土壤细菌群落结构的影响比对土壤真菌群落的影响更为强烈。此外，在经历短期极端干旱时，与细菌群落相比，真菌群落在添加生物炭的情况下表现出更高的随机性。在花生农业系统中，土壤细菌可能与土壤养分循环的关系更为密切。尽管已有文献记载土壤代谢组会受到生物炭添加的影响，且与土壤湿度无关，但我们发现生物炭含量越高，差异代谢物就越多。我们认为，生物炭可能通过直接改变土壤湿度和土壤pH值来间接改变土壤功能，从而增强植物和土壤微生物对短期极端干旱的抗性。
