Ullah Ihsan, Suliman Hazrat, Alamzeb Muhammad, Abid Obaid-Ur-Rahman, Sohail Muhammad, Ullah Mohib, Haleem Abdul, Omer Muhammad
Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan.
Department of Chemistry, University of Kotli, Kotli, Pakistan.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2023 Dec 14;11:1292641. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1292641. eCollection 2023.
Cancer is one of the most fatal diseases globally, however, advancement in the field of nanoscience specifically novel nanomaterials with nano-targeting of cancer cell lines has revolutionized cancer diagnosis and therapy and has thus attracted the attention of researchers of related fields. Carbon Dots (CDs)-C-based nanomaterials-have emerged as highly favorable candidates for simultaneous bioimaging and therapy during cancer nano-theranostics due to their exclusive innate FL and theranostic characteristics exhibited in different preclinical results. Recently, different transition metal-doped CDs have enhanced the effectiveness of CDs manifold in biomedical applications with minimum toxicity. The use of group-11 (Cu, Ag and Au) with CDs in this direction have recently gained the attention of researchers because of their encouraging results. This review summarizes the current developments of group-11 (Cu, Ag and Au) CDs for early diagnosis and therapy of cancer including their nanocomposites, nanohybrids and heterostructures etc. All The manuscript highlights imaging applications (FL, photoacoustic, MRI etc.) and therapeutic applications (phototherapy, photodynamic, multimodal etc.) of Cu-, Ag- and Au-doped CDs reported as nanotheranostic agents for cancer treatment. Sources of CDs and metals alogwith applications to give a comparative analysis have been given in the tabulated form at the end of manuscript. Further, future prospects and challenges have also been discussed.
癌症是全球最致命的疾病之一，然而，纳米科学领域的进展，特别是具有癌细胞系纳米靶向功能的新型纳米材料，彻底改变了癌症的诊断和治疗，因此吸引了相关领域研究人员的关注。碳点（CDs）——基于碳的纳米材料——由于其在不同临床前结果中表现出的独特固有荧光和诊疗特性，已成为癌症纳米诊疗中同时进行生物成像和治疗的极具潜力的候选材料。最近，不同的过渡金属掺杂碳点在生物医学应用中以最小的毒性显著提高了碳点的有效性。在这方面，将第11族（铜、银和金）与碳点一起使用最近引起了研究人员的关注，因为它们取得了令人鼓舞的结果。这篇综述总结了第11族（铜、银和金）碳点在癌症早期诊断和治疗方面的当前进展，包括它们的纳米复合材料、纳米杂化物和异质结构等。该手稿重点介绍了作为癌症治疗纳米诊疗剂报道的铜、银和金掺杂碳点的成像应用（荧光、光声、磁共振成像等）和治疗应用（光疗、光动力、多模态等）。手稿末尾以表格形式给出了碳点和金属的来源以及应用，以便进行比较分析。此外，还讨论了未来的前景和挑战。
