Revis N W, McCauley P, Holdsworth G
Environ Health Perspect. 1986 Nov;69:243-8. doi: 10.1289/ehp.8669243.
The importance of dietary iodide on the reported hypothyroid effect of drinking water disinfectants on thyroid function was investigated. Previous studies have also showed differences in the relative sensitivity of pigeons and rabbits to chlorinated water. Pigeons and rabbits were exposed for 3 months to diets containing high (950 ppb) or low (300 ppb) levels of iodide and to drinking water containing two levels of chlorine. Results showed that the high-iodide diet prevented the hypothyroid effect observed in pigeons given the low-iodide diet and chlorinated drinking water. Similar trends were observed in rabbits exposed to the same treatment; however, significant hypothyroid effects were not observed in this animal model. The factor associated with the observed effect of dietary iodide on the chlorine-induced change in thyroid function is unknown, as is the relative sensitivity of rabbits and pigeons to the effect of chlorine. Several factors may explain the importance of dietary iodide and the relative sensitivity of these species. For example, the iodine formed by the known reaction of chlorine with iodide could result in a decrease in the plasma level of iodide because of the relative absorption rates of iodide and iodine in the intestinal tract, and the various types and concentrations of chloroorganics (metabolites) formed in the diet following the exposure of various dietary constituents to chlorine could affect the thyroid function. The former factor was investigated in the present studies. Results do not confirm a consistent, significant reduction in the plasma level of iodide in rabbits and pigeons exposed to chlorinated water and the low-iodide diet. The latter factor is being investigated.
研究了膳食碘化物对饮用水消毒剂对甲状腺功能的甲状腺功能减退效应的重要性。先前的研究也表明鸽子和兔子对氯化水的相对敏感性存在差异。将鸽子和兔子暴露于含有高（950 ppb）或低（300 ppb）碘化物水平的饮食以及含有两种氯水平的饮用水中3个月。结果表明，高碘饮食可预防低碘饮食和氯化饮用水的鸽子中观察到的甲状腺功能减退效应。在接受相同处理的兔子中也观察到类似趋势；然而，在该动物模型中未观察到明显的甲状腺功能减退效应。与膳食碘化物对氯诱导的甲状腺功能变化的观察效应相关的因素尚不清楚，兔子和鸽子对氯效应的相对敏感性也不清楚。几个因素可以解释膳食碘化物的重要性以及这些物种的相对敏感性。例如，氯与碘化物的已知反应形成的碘可能导致血浆碘化物水平降低——这是由于碘化物和碘在肠道中的相对吸收率，并且在各种膳食成分暴露于氯之后饮食中形成的各种类型和浓度的氯代有机物（代谢物）可能影响甲状腺功能。在本研究中对前一个因素进行了调查。结果并未证实暴露于氯化水和低碘饮食的兔子和鸽子血浆碘化物水平持续、显著降低。后一个因素正在研究中。
