Revis N W, McCauley P, Bull R, Holdsworth G
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Mar;83(5):1485-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.5.1485.
The effects of drinking water containing 2 or 15 ppm chlorine (pH 6.5 and 8.5), chlorine dioxide, and monochloramine on thyroid function and plasma cholesterol were studied because previous investigators have reported cardiovascular abnormalities in experimental animals exposed to chlorinated water. Plasma thyroxine (T4) levels, as compared to controls, were significantly decreased in pigeons fed a normal or high-cholesterol diet and drinking water containing these drinking water disinfectants at a concentration of 15 ppm (the exception was chlorine at pH 6.5) for 3 months. In most of the treatment groups, T4 levels were significantly lower following the exposure to drinking water containing the 2 ppm dose. Increases in plasma cholesterol were frequently observed in the groups with lower T4 levels. This association was most evident in pigeons fed the high-cholesterol diet and exposed to these disinfectants at a dose of 15 ppm. For example, after 3 months of exposure to deionized water or water containing 15 ppm monochloramine, plasma cholesterol was 1266 +/- 172 and 2049 +/- 212 mg/dl, respectively, a difference of 783 mg/dl. The factor(s) associated with the effect of these disinfectants on plasma T4 and cholesterol is not known. We suggest however that these effects are probably mediated by products formed when these disinfectants react with organic matter in the upper gastrointestinal tract.
由于之前的研究人员报告称，实验动物暴露于氯化水中会出现心血管异常，因此研究了饮用含2 ppm或15 ppm氯（pH值为6.5和8.5）、二氧化氯和一氯胺的水对甲状腺功能和血浆胆固醇的影响。与对照组相比，喂食正常或高胆固醇饮食并饮用含15 ppm这些饮用水消毒剂（pH值为6.5的氯除外）的水3个月的鸽子，其血浆甲状腺素（T4）水平显著降低。在大多数治疗组中，接触含2 ppm剂量饮用水后，T4水平显著降低。T4水平较低的组中经常观察到血浆胆固醇升高。这种关联在喂食高胆固醇饮食并接触15 ppm剂量这些消毒剂的鸽子中最为明显。例如，在接触去离子水或含15 ppm一氯胺的水3个月后，血浆胆固醇分别为1266±172和2049±212 mg/dl，相差783 mg/dl。尚不清楚这些消毒剂对血浆T4和胆固醇产生影响的相关因素。然而，我们认为这些影响可能是由这些消毒剂与上消化道中的有机物反应形成的产物介导的。
