Research Unit for Quality and Ethics in Health Care, UMIT TIROL - Private University for Health Sciences and Health Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria.
JMIR Med Educ. 2024 Jan 5;10:e51247. doi: 10.2196/51247.
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine not only directly impacts the medical profession but is also increasingly associated with various potential ethical aspects. In addition, the expanding use of AI and AI-based applications such as ChatGPT demands a corresponding shift in medical education to adequately prepare future practitioners for the effective use of these tools and address the associated ethical challenges they present.
This study aims to explore how medical students from Germany, Austria, and Switzerland perceive the use of AI in medicine and the teaching of AI and AI ethics in medical education in accordance with their use of AI-based chat applications, such as ChatGPT.
This cross-sectional study, conducted from June 15 to July 15, 2023, surveyed medical students across Germany, Austria, and Switzerland using a web-based survey. This study aimed to assess students' perceptions of AI in medicine and the integration of AI and AI ethics into medical education. The survey, which included 53 items across 6 sections, was developed and pretested. Data analysis used descriptive statistics (median, mode, IQR, total number, and percentages) and either the chi-square or Mann-Whitney U tests, as appropriate.
Surveying 487 medical students across Germany, Austria, and Switzerland revealed limited formal education on AI or AI ethics within medical curricula, although 38.8% (189/487) had prior experience with AI-based chat applications, such as ChatGPT. Despite varied prior exposures, 71.7% (349/487) anticipated a positive impact of AI on medicine. There was widespread consensus (385/487, 74.9%) on the need for AI and AI ethics instruction in medical education, although the current offerings were deemed inadequate. Regarding the AI ethics education content, all proposed topics were rated as highly relevant.
This study revealed a pronounced discrepancy between the use of AI-based (chat) applications, such as ChatGPT, among medical students in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland and the teaching of AI in medical education. To adequately prepare future medical professionals, there is an urgent need to integrate the teaching of AI and AI ethics into the medical curricula.
人工智能（AI）在医学中的应用不仅直接影响医疗行业，而且越来越多地涉及各种潜在的伦理问题。此外，人工智能的广泛应用以及基于人工智能的应用，如 ChatGPT，要求医学教育相应转变，以使未来的从业者能够充分利用这些工具，并应对它们带来的相关伦理挑战。
本研究旨在探讨德国、奥地利和瑞士的医学生如何看待人工智能在医学中的应用，以及根据他们对基于人工智能的聊天应用（如 ChatGPT）的使用情况，在医学教育中教授人工智能和人工智能伦理。
本横断面研究于 2023 年 6 月 15 日至 7 月 15 日在德国、奥地利和瑞士的医学生中进行了一项基于网络的调查。本研究旨在评估学生对医学人工智能的看法以及人工智能和人工智能伦理在医学教育中的整合。该调查共包括 6 个部分的 53 个项目，经过开发和预测试。数据分析采用描述性统计（中位数、众数、IQR、总数和百分比）和卡方检验或曼-惠特尼 U 检验，具体取决于数据类型。
对德国、奥地利和瑞士的 487 名医学生进行调查发现，医学课程中对人工智能或人工智能伦理的正规教育有限，尽管 38.8%（189/487）有过基于人工智能的聊天应用（如 ChatGPT）的使用经验。尽管有不同的先验暴露，71.7%（349/487）预计人工智能对医学有积极影响。尽管有广泛的共识（385/487，74.9%）认为需要在医学教育中教授人工智能和人工智能伦理，但目前的教学内容被认为是不够的。关于人工智能伦理教育内容，所有提出的主题都被评为高度相关。
本研究揭示了德国、奥地利和瑞士的医学生在使用基于人工智能的（聊天）应用（如 ChatGPT）和医学教育中的人工智能教学之间存在明显的差距。为了充分培养未来的医学专业人员，迫切需要将人工智能和人工智能伦理的教学纳入医学课程。
