UMIT TIROL - Private University for Health Sciences and Health Technology, Eduard-Wallnöfer-Zentrum 1, 6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria.
Head of the Research Unit for Quality and Ethics in Health Care, UMIT TIROL - Private University for Health Sciences and Health Technology, Austria.
Perspect Med Educ. 2023 Oct 16;12(1):399-410. doi: 10.5334/pme.954. eCollection 2023.
The increasing use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in medicine has raised ethical concerns, such as patient autonomy, bias, and transparency. Recent studies suggest a need for teaching AI ethics as part of medical curricula. This scoping review aimed to represent and synthesize the literature on teaching AI ethics as part of medical education.
The PRISMA-SCR guidelines and JBI methodology guided a literature search in four databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science) for the past 22 years (2000-2022). To account for the release of AI-based chat applications, such as ChatGPT, the literature search was updated to include publications until the end of June 2023.
1384 publications were originally identified and, after screening titles and abstracts, the full text of 87 publications was assessed. Following the assessment of the full text, 10 publications were included for further analysis. The updated literature search identified two additional relevant publications from 2023 were identified and included in the analysis. All 12 publications recommended teaching AI ethics in medical curricula due to the potential implications of AI in medicine. Anticipated ethical challenges such as bias were identified as the recommended basis for teaching content in addition to basic principles of medical ethics. Case-based teaching using real-world examples in interactive seminars and small groups was recommended as a teaching modality.
This scoping review reveals a scarcity of literature on teaching AI ethics in medical education, with most of the available literature being recent and theoretical. These findings emphasize the importance of more empirical studies and foundational definitions of AI ethics to guide the development of teaching content and modalities. Recognizing AI's significant impact of AI on medicine, additional research on the teaching of AI ethics in medical education is needed to best prepare medical students for future ethical challenges.
人工智能（AI）在医学中的应用日益广泛，引发了一些伦理问题，例如患者自主权、偏见和透明度。最近的研究表明，需要将 AI 伦理教学纳入医学课程。本范围综述旨在代表和综合有关将 AI 伦理教学纳入医学教育的文献。
PRISMA-SCR 指南和 JBI 方法指导了在四个数据库（PubMed、Embase、Scopus 和 Web of Science）中进行过去 22 年（2000-2022 年）文献检索。为了考虑到基于 AI 的聊天应用程序（如 ChatGPT）的发布，文献检索更新至 2023 年 6 月底。
最初确定了 1384 篇出版物，在筛选标题和摘要后，评估了 87 篇出版物的全文。在评估全文后，确定了 10 篇出版物进行进一步分析。更新的文献检索从 2023 年又确定了另外 2 篇相关出版物并纳入分析。所有 12 篇出版物都建议在医学课程中教授 AI 伦理，因为 AI 在医学中的应用具有潜在影响。预期的伦理挑战，如偏见，被确定为教学内容的推荐基础，此外还有医学伦理的基本原则。建议使用基于案例的教学方法，在互动研讨会上使用真实案例进行小组教学。
本范围综述揭示了医学教育中 AI 伦理教学文献的稀缺性，大多数现有文献都是最近的和理论性的。这些发现强调了需要更多的实证研究和 AI 伦理的基本定义，以指导教学内容和模式的发展。鉴于 AI 对医学的重大影响，需要对医学教育中 AI 伦理的教学进行更多研究，以使医学生为未来的伦理挑战做好最佳准备。
