Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2 UMR 7340, Equipe Procédés Membranaires (EPM), Europôle de l'Arbois, Pavillon Laennec, Hall C, BP80, 13545, Aix-en-Provence, France.
Ifremer - U. Microbiologie, Aliment, Santé et Environnement (LSEM/RBE), Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes, Cedex 3, France.
Food Environ Virol. 2024 Mar;16(1):14-24. doi: 10.1007/s12560-023-09574-z. Epub 2024 Jan 6.
In the field of chemical engineering and water treatment, the study of viruses, included surrogates, is well documented. Often, surrogates are used to study viruses and their behavior because they can be produced in larger quantities in safer conditions and are easier to handle. In fact, surrogates allow studying microorganisms which are non-infectious to humans but share some properties similar to pathogenic viruses: structure, composition, morphology, and size. Human noroviruses, recognized as the leading cause of epidemics and sporadic cases of gastroenteritis across all age groups, may be mimicked by the Tulane virus. The objectives of this work were to study (i) the ultrafiltration of Tulane virus and norovirus to validate that Tulane virus can be used as a surrogate for norovirus in water treatment process and (ii) the retention of norovirus and the surrogate as a function of water quality to better understand the use of the latter pathogenic viruses. Ultrafiltration tests showed significant logarithmic reduction values (LRV) in viral RNA: around 2.5 for global LRV (i.e., based on the initial and permeate average concentrations) and between 2 and 6 for average LRV (i.e., retention rate considering the increase of viral concentration in the retentate), both for norovirus and the surrogate Tulane virus. Higher reduction rates (from 2 to 6 log genome copies) are obtained for higher initial concentrations (from 10 to 10 genome copies per mL) due to virus aggregation in membrane lumen. Tulane virus appears to be a good surrogate for norovirus retention by membrane processes.
在化学工程和水处理领域，病毒（包括替代物）的研究已有大量文献记载。通常，替代物被用于研究病毒及其行为，因为它们可以在更安全的条件下大量生产，并且更容易处理。事实上，替代物可以研究对人类没有传染性但与致病性病毒具有某些相似特性的微生物：结构、组成、形态和大小。人类诺如病毒被认为是导致所有年龄段人群爆发和散发性肠胃炎的主要原因，可以被图兰病毒模拟。这项工作的目的是研究（i）图兰病毒和诺如病毒的超滤，以验证图兰病毒可以在水处理过程中用作诺如病毒的替代物；（ii）诺如病毒和替代物的保留率作为水质的函数，以更好地理解后者对致病性病毒的应用。超滤测试显示病毒 RNA 的对数减少值（LRV）显著：对于总 LRV（即基于初始和渗透平均浓度），约为 2.5，对于平均 LRV（即考虑到浓缩物中病毒浓度增加的保留率），对于诺如病毒和替代物图兰病毒，均在 2 到 6 之间。由于病毒在膜腔中聚集，较高的初始浓度（从 10 到 10 基因组拷贝/毫升）会产生更高的降低率（从 2 到 6 个基因组拷贝）。图兰病毒似乎是一种通过膜过程保留诺如病毒的良好替代物。
