Department of Ecology and Aquatic Stocks Management, Artemia and Aquacultur Research Institute, Urmia University, Urmia, 5756151818, Iran.
Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2024 Jan 10;14(1):975. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-51042-y.
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs), regarding their physical and structural properties, have different and wide applications industry and their increasing use may raise ecological and human health concerns. However, the potential toxicity mechanisms of LDHs in different organisms are still unclear. In the present work, after synthesizing of ZnFe-SO LDH and studying of its characterization by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, EDX-mapping, TEM and Raman, its toxicity in Tetradesmus obliquus was evaluated. According to experimental results, the growth of the algae and content of photosynthetic pigments were significantly decreased after treatment with 100 mg/L of ZnFe-SO LDH. The high dose exposure to the LDH also inhibited the activity of SOD and POD enzymes, possibly due to the LDH- catalyzed reactive oxygen species production. In addition, lipid peroxidation and the content of phenolic compounds, as no-enzymatic antioxidants were increased by enhancement of the LDH concentration. The rise of phenol, flavonoids and MDA contents could be regarded as some manifestations and responses to the toxic effects of the contaminant in the algae cells. The results provided a better understanding of the undesirable effects and toxicity of LDHs in aquatic organisms.
层状双氢氧化物（LDHs）具有独特的物理和结构特性，在工业领域有广泛的应用。随着其应用的增加，可能会引发生态和人类健康问题。然而，LDHs 在不同生物体中的潜在毒性机制尚不清楚。本研究采用共沉淀法合成了 ZnFe-SO LDH，并通过 XRD、FT-IR、SEM、EDX mapping、TEM 和 Raman 对其进行了表征，评估了其对斜生栅藻的毒性。实验结果表明，当藻细胞暴露于 100mg/L 的 ZnFe-SO LDH 时，其生长和光合色素含量显著下降。高浓度的 LDH 还抑制了 SOD 和 POD 酶的活性，这可能是由于 LDH 催化活性氧的产生。此外，随着 LDH 浓度的增加，脂质过氧化产物和非酶抗氧化剂酚类化合物的含量也增加。酚类、类黄酮和 MDA 含量的增加可以被认为是藻类细胞中污染物毒性的一些表现和响应。本研究结果有助于更好地理解 LDHs 在水生生物中的不良影响和毒性。
