Sachdev Swati, Ansari Shamim Akhtar, Ansari Mohammad Israil, Fujita Masayuki, Hasanuzzaman Mirza
Department of Environmental Science, School for Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Rae Bareli Road, Lucknow 226 025, India.
Institute of Forest Research and Productivity, Ranchi 835 303, India.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Feb 11;10(2):277. doi: 10.3390/antiox10020277.
Climate change is an invisible, silent killer with calamitous effects on living organisms. As the sessile organism, plants experience a diverse array of abiotic stresses during ontogenesis. The relentless climatic changes amplify the intensity and duration of stresses, making plants dwindle to survive. Plants convert 1-2% of consumed oxygen into reactive oxygen species (ROS), in particular, singlet oxygen (O), superoxide radical (O), hydrogen peroxide (HO), hydroxyl radical (OH), etc. as a byproduct of aerobic metabolism in different cell organelles such as chloroplast, mitochondria, etc. The regulatory network comprising enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems tends to keep the magnitude of ROS within plant cells to a non-damaging level. However, under stress conditions, the production rate of ROS increases exponentially, exceeding the potential of antioxidant scavengers instigating oxidative burst, which affects biomolecules and disturbs cellular redox homeostasis. ROS are similar to a double-edged sword; and, when present below the threshold level, mediate redox signaling pathways that actuate plant growth, development, and acclimatization against stresses. The production of ROS in plant cells displays both detrimental and beneficial effects. However, exact pathways of ROS mediated stress alleviation are yet to be fully elucidated. Therefore, the review deposits information about the status of known sites of production, signaling mechanisms/pathways, effects, and management of ROS within plant cells under stress. In addition, the role played by advancement in modern techniques such as molecular priming, systems biology, phenomics, and crop modeling in preventing oxidative stress, as well as diverting ROS into signaling pathways has been canvassed.
气候变化是一个无形的、无声的杀手，对生物有着灾难性的影响。作为固着生物，植物在个体发育过程中会经历各种各样的非生物胁迫。持续不断的气候变化加剧了胁迫的强度和持续时间，使植物难以存活。植物将消耗的1-2%的氧气转化为活性氧（ROS），特别是单线态氧（O）、超氧阴离子自由基（O）、过氧化氢（HO）、羟基自由基（OH）等，这些是叶绿体、线粒体等不同细胞器有氧代谢的副产物。由酶促和非酶促抗氧化系统组成的调节网络倾向于将植物细胞内ROS的水平维持在无害水平。然而，在胁迫条件下，ROS的产生速率呈指数级增加，超过了抗氧化清除剂的清除能力，引发氧化爆发，影响生物分子并扰乱细胞氧化还原稳态。ROS就像一把双刃剑；当ROS低于阈值水平时，它介导氧化还原信号通路，启动植物的生长、发育以及对胁迫的适应。植物细胞中ROS的产生既有有害影响也有有益影响。然而，ROS介导的胁迫缓解的确切途径尚未完全阐明。因此，本综述阐述了关于植物细胞在胁迫下ROS的已知产生位点、信号传导机制/途径、影响以及管理的相关信息。此外，还探讨了分子引发、系统生物学、表型组学和作物建模等现代技术的进步在预防氧化胁迫以及将ROS导入信号通路方面所发挥的作用。
