Migliore Sergio, Hussein Hany A, Galluzzo Paola, Puleio Roberto, Loria Guido Ruggero
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", 90129 Palermo, Italy.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Dec 19;14(1):14. doi: 10.3390/ani14010014.
Recently, the African swine fever (ASF) epizootic has been reported in domestic pigs and wild boars in several European Union Member States (EU MS) and epidemiological evidence has accumulated which indicates that wild boar play a key role in maintaining and spreading the disease. Thanks to the experience gained when managing ASF outbreaks in Sardinia (Italy) and Eastern Europe, Directive 2002/60 CE was issued. This directive represented an important step forward in controlling the disease, particularly the risk of spreading the virus to wild animals. Since 2021, according to Regulation (EU) 2016/429, which is also called "Animal Health Law-AHL", when the MS competent authority suspects or confirms ASF (a cat. A listed disease) in wild animals, it is mandatory to conduct surveillance in the wild boar population and implement the necessary control measures. Within AHL, Regulations (EU) 2020/687 and 2023/594 established special ASF control measures in kept and wild porcine animals, and their products and by-products, focusing on and underlying old and new responsibilities that vets (both public and private ones) have to accomplish under the new regulations. The new change in the legal framework deals with specific measures to be applied in the wild and represents a great challenge for MS veterinary services. Some of these measures have been well established in the last two decades, particularly those related to application in the farming system, while other measures are still new to veterinary health management and require a holistic approach in terms of intensity, considering all geographical, ecological, productive, cultural and social features of the involved EU MS. In this contribution, the authors intend to focus on specific measures which have been issued in order to limit or stop the spread of ASF in a wild, "boundless" ecosystem. These measures expand the field of competence of the official veterinary service to wild areas in addition to farm activity.
最近，在几个欧盟成员国（欧盟成员国）的家猪和野猪中报告了非洲猪瘟（ASF）疫情，并且已经积累了流行病学证据，表明野猪在维持和传播该疾病方面起着关键作用。得益于在意大利撒丁岛和东欧管理ASF疫情时获得的经验，发布了2002/60 CE指令。该指令是控制该疾病，特别是将病毒传播给野生动物风险方面向前迈出的重要一步。自2021年以来，根据也称为“动物卫生法-AHL”的（欧盟）2016/429条例，当成员国主管当局怀疑或确认野生动物中存在ASF（一种A类列出疾病）时，必须对野猪种群进行监测并实施必要的控制措施。在AHL范围内，（欧盟）2020/687和2023/594条例在圈养和野生猪科动物及其产品和副产品方面制定了特殊的ASF控制措施，重点关注兽医（包括公共和私人兽医）在新条例下必须履行的新旧责任。法律框架的新变化涉及在野外应用的具体措施，对成员国兽医服务来说是一个巨大挑战。其中一些措施在过去二十年中已经确立，特别是那些与养殖系统应用相关的措施，而其他措施对兽医卫生管理来说仍然是新的，并且在强度方面需要一种整体方法，考虑到相关欧盟成员国的所有地理、生态、生产、文化和社会特征。在本论文中，作者打算重点关注为限制或阻止ASF在野生“无边界”生态系统中传播而发布的具体措施。这些措施将官方兽医服务的权限范围从农场活动扩展到了野生区域。
