Department of Mechanical & Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA; Nanotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), P.O. Box 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Solid Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kashan, P.O. Box 87317-53153, Kashan, Iran; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA.
J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2024 Mar;151:106391. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106391. Epub 2024 Jan 9.
Tissue engineering is a fascinating field that combines biology, engineering, and medicine to create artificial tissues and organs. It involves using living cells, biomaterials, and bioengineering techniques to develop functional tissues that can be used to replace or repair damaged or diseased organs in the human body. The process typically starts by obtaining cells from the patient or a donor. These cells are then cultured and grown in a laboratory under controlled conditions. Scaffold materials, such as biodegradable polymers or natural extracellular matrices, are used to provide support and structure for the growing cells. 3D bone scaffolds are a fascinating application within the field of tissue engineering. These scaffolds are designed to mimic the structure and properties of natural bone tissue and serve as a temporary framework for new bone growth. The main purpose of a 3D bone scaffold is to provide mechanical support to the surrounding cells and guide their growth in a specific direction. It acts as a template, encouraging the formation of new bone tissue by providing a framework for cells to attach, proliferate, and differentiate. These scaffolds are typically fabricated using biocompatible materials like ceramics, polymers, or a combination of both. The choice of material depends on factors such as strength, biodegradability, and the ability to facilitate cell adhesion and growth. Advanced techniques like 3D printing have revolutionized the fabrication process of these scaffolds. Using precise layer-by-layer deposition, it allows for the creation of complex, patient-specific geometries, mimicking the intricacies of natural bone structure. This article offers a brief overview of the latest developments in the research and development of 3D printing techniques for creating scaffolds used in bone tissue engineering.
组织工程是一个引人入胜的领域，它结合了生物学、工程学和医学，旨在创造人工组织和器官。它涉及使用活细胞、生物材料和生物工程技术来开发具有功能性的组织，这些组织可用于替代或修复人体受损或患病的器官。该过程通常从获取患者或供体的细胞开始。然后，这些细胞在实验室中于受控条件下进行培养和生长。支架材料（如可生物降解的聚合物或天然细胞外基质）用于为生长中的细胞提供支撑和结构。3D 骨支架是组织工程领域中一个引人入胜的应用。这些支架旨在模拟天然骨组织的结构和特性，并作为新骨生长的临时框架。3D 骨支架的主要目的是为周围细胞提供机械支撑，并引导它们朝着特定方向生长。它充当模板，通过为细胞附着、增殖和分化提供框架，鼓励新骨组织的形成。这些支架通常使用生物相容性材料（如陶瓷、聚合物或两者的组合）制造。材料的选择取决于强度、可生物降解性以及促进细胞附着和生长的能力等因素。3D 打印等先进技术已经彻底改变了这些支架的制造工艺。它通过精确的逐层沉积，允许创建复杂的、针对特定患者的几何形状，模拟天然骨结构的复杂性。本文简要概述了用于骨组织工程的支架的 3D 打印技术研发方面的最新进展。
