Cinici Bilal, Yaba Sule, Kurt Mustafa, Yalcin Huseyin C, Duta Liviu, Gunduz Oguzhan
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul 34890, Turkey.
Center for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, Istanbul 34890, Turkey.
Biomimetics (Basel). 2024 Jul 5;9(7):409. doi: 10.3390/biomimetics9070409.
The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art in the fabrication of bioceramic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering, with an emphasis on the use of three-dimensional (3D) technologies coupled with generative design principles. The field of modern medicine has witnessed remarkable advancements and continuous innovation in recent decades, driven by a relentless desire to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Central to this progress is the field of tissue engineering, which holds immense promise for regenerative medicine applications. Scaffolds are integral to tissue engineering and serve as 3D frameworks that support cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. A wide array of materials has been explored for the fabrication of scaffolds, including bioceramics (i.e., hydroxyapatite, beta-tricalcium phosphate, bioglasses) and bioceramic-polymer composites, each offering unique properties and functionalities tailored to specific applications. Several fabrication methods, such as thermal-induced phase separation, electrospinning, freeze-drying, gas foaming, particle leaching/solvent casting, fused deposition modeling, 3D printing, stereolithography and selective laser sintering, will be introduced and thoroughly analyzed and discussed from the point of view of their unique characteristics, which have proven invaluable for obtaining bioceramic scaffolds. Moreover, by highlighting the important role of generative design in scaffold optimization, this review seeks to pave the way for the development of innovative strategies and personalized solutions to address significant gaps in the current literature, mainly related to complex bone defects in bone tissue engineering.
本研究的目的是概述用于骨组织工程的生物陶瓷支架制造的当前技术水平，重点是三维（3D）技术与生成设计原则的结合使用。近几十年来，现代医学领域见证了显著的进步和持续的创新，这是由改善患者预后和生活质量的不懈愿望推动的。这一进展的核心是组织工程领域，它在再生医学应用方面具有巨大的潜力。支架是组织工程不可或缺的一部分，用作支持细胞附着、增殖和分化的三维框架。人们已经探索了多种用于制造支架的材料，包括生物陶瓷（即羟基磷灰石、β-磷酸三钙、生物玻璃）和生物陶瓷-聚合物复合材料，每种材料都具有针对特定应用量身定制的独特性能和功能。将介绍几种制造方法，如热致相分离、静电纺丝、冷冻干燥、气体发泡、颗粒沥滤/溶剂浇铸、熔融沉积建模、3D打印、立体光刻和选择性激光烧结，并从它们的独特特性角度进行深入分析和讨论，这些特性已被证明对于获得生物陶瓷支架非常宝贵。此外，通过强调生成设计在支架优化中的重要作用，本综述旨在为开发创新策略和个性化解决方案铺平道路，以解决当前文献中的重大空白，主要涉及骨组织工程中的复杂骨缺损。
