Croatian Carmelite Province of St. Joseph, Zagreb, Croatia.
Catholic Faculty of Theology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
BMC Psychiatry. 2024 Jan 13;24(1):50. doi: 10.1186/s12888-024-05498-5.
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that symptoms of depression and anxiety were highly prevalent among health sciences students. This may lead to other professional and personal difficulties and a decrease in individuals' well-being. This study aimed to analyze levels of depression, anxiety and subjective happiness among health sciences students in Croatia. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 10 higher education institutions in Croatia during March 2023. Eligible participants were health sciences students. Participants filled out an online survey consisting of sociodemographic questions and validated scales for determining the levels of depression (9-question Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9), anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale, GAD-7), and happiness (Subjective Happiness Scale, SHS). RESULTS: Of 7460 invited students, 2137 students participated in the study (29% response rate). There were 41.4% of students that exhibited at least mild depressive symptoms, with 8% of students exhibiting moderately severe symptoms and 1.8% severe depressive symptoms. Mild anxiety was found in 36.8%, moderate anxiety in 23.9% and severe anxiety in 15.8% of students. The median SHS score was 19 (15.25-22). Women students had significantly higher levels of depression (p < 0.001) and anxiety (p < 0.001) than their men peers. Students in earlier study years showed higher levels of depression, anxiety and lower levels of subjective happiness compared to those in later study years. Students with lower self-assessed financial status had higher levels of depression (p < 0.001) and anxiety (p < 0.001). Students that failed an academic year had higher levels of depression (p < 0.001), but lower levels of anxiety (p = 0.005). CONCLUSION: In this study, we have shown that health sciences students exhibit high levels of depression and anxiety, at rates exceeding those in the general population reported in other studies. Our results may help educational institutions to put greater effort into the battle against mental health stigma, foster acceptance of mental health issues and encourage students to seek help when needed. Adequate mental health services are needed at universities to promote timely diagnosis and treatment of mental health problems.
背景：先前的研究表明，抑郁和焦虑症状在健康科学专业学生中普遍存在。这可能会导致其他专业和个人困难，并降低个人的幸福感。本研究旨在分析克罗地亚健康科学专业学生的抑郁、焦虑和主观幸福感水平。
方法：我们于 2023 年 3 月在克罗地亚的 10 所高等教育机构进行了一项横断面研究。合格的参与者为健康科学专业的学生。参与者填写了一份在线问卷，其中包括社会人口学问题和用于确定抑郁水平的有效量表（9 项患者健康问卷，PHQ-9）、焦虑（广泛性焦虑障碍 7 项量表，GAD-7）和幸福感（主观幸福感量表，SHS）。
结果：在 7460 名受邀学生中，有 2137 名学生参加了研究（29%的回应率）。有 41.4%的学生表现出至少轻度抑郁症状，8%的学生表现出中度严重症状，1.8%的学生表现出重度抑郁症状。轻度焦虑见于 36.8%的学生，中度焦虑见于 23.9%的学生，重度焦虑见于 15.8%的学生。SHS 中位数为 19（15.25-22）。与男性相比，女性学生的抑郁（p<0.001）和焦虑（p<0.001）水平显著更高。与高年级学生相比，低年级学生表现出更高的抑郁、焦虑和更低的主观幸福感水平。自我评估经济状况较低的学生表现出更高的抑郁（p<0.001）和焦虑（p<0.001）水平。留级学生表现出更高的抑郁（p<0.001）水平，但焦虑水平较低（p=0.005）。
结论：在这项研究中，我们表明健康科学专业的学生表现出高水平的抑郁和焦虑，其发生率超过了其他研究报告的一般人群。我们的研究结果可能有助于教育机构在与心理健康污名作斗争、促进对心理健康问题的接受程度以及鼓励学生在需要时寻求帮助方面做出更大的努力。大学需要提供充足的心理健康服务，以促进及时诊断和治疗心理健康问题。
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