Leung Cherry Y, Kyung Minjung
Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Prev Med Rep. 2023 Dec 12;37:102549. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102549. eCollection 2024 Jan.
Depression is one of the most prevalent mental health conditions throughout the lifespan. Notable differences in the prevalence of depression among females and males arise during adolescence and may peak during young adulthood. Since iron deficiency is a treatable condition that may contribute to depression, this topic among youth (18 to 25 years of age) needs to be further explored. Thus, our study examines the associations between three measures of iron (ferritin, serum iron, and transferrin saturation levels) with Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) depressive symptoms and depression among young adult males and females using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2020. Using multivariable Poisson and logistic regression models, adjusting for several demographic and clinical variables, we report 1) the prevalence of depression and 2) the associations between iron deficiency and depressive symptoms and depression among males and females. 917 participants were included in our study. More females (12.5 %) than males (6.8 %) had PHQ-9 depression. Males with ferritin (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 14.13, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.51, 132.21), serum iron (AOR = 4.84, 95 % CI: 1.02, 22.92), and transferrin (AOR = 13.79, 95 % CI: 3.59, 53.06) deficiencies were at higher risk for depression, while females with ferritin deficiency (AOR = 0.34, 95 % CI: 0.11, 0.97) had a lower risk for depression. Our study highlights the need to focus on depression screening among young adults as well as risk factors for depression among this age group. Identifying risk factors and screening for iron deficiency, especially among females, should be considered as well.
抑郁症是一生中最普遍的心理健康问题之一。女性和男性在青春期抑郁症患病率出现显著差异，并可能在青年期达到峰值。由于缺铁是一种可治疗的状况，且可能导致抑郁症，因此青年（18至25岁）中的这一话题需要进一步探讨。因此，我们的研究使用2017 - 2020年国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES），研究了青年男性和女性中三种铁指标（铁蛋白、血清铁和转铁蛋白饱和度水平）与患者健康问卷-9（PHQ - 9）抑郁症状及抑郁症之间的关联。使用多变量泊松回归和逻辑回归模型，并对多个人口统计学和临床变量进行调整后，我们报告了：1）抑郁症患病率；2）缺铁与男性和女性抑郁症状及抑郁症之间的关联。我们的研究纳入了917名参与者。患有PHQ - 9抑郁症的女性（12.5%）多于男性（6.8%）。铁蛋白缺乏（调整后的优势比[AOR]=14.13，95%置信区间[CI]：1.51，132.21）、血清铁缺乏（AOR = 4.84，95% CI：1.02，22.92）和转铁蛋白缺乏（AOR = 13.79，95% CI：3.59，53.06）的男性患抑郁症的风险更高，而铁蛋白缺乏的女性（AOR = 0.34，95% CI：0.11，0.97）患抑郁症的风险较低。我们的研究强调了关注青年抑郁症筛查以及该年龄组抑郁症风险因素的必要性。还应考虑识别风险因素并筛查缺铁情况，尤其是在女性中。
